一篇足以之 ES学习

一. 为什么要用ES

1.分布式搜索、分析

2.近实时的存储数据、查询数据

3.基于倒排索引

4.解决原生Lucene的不足，优化Lucene的调用方式

5.可以扩展到上百台服务器，处理PB级别的结构化或非结构化数据

6.每个字段都建立的索引

二.对比传统数据库

1. 关系数据库    ⇒     数据库     ⇒   表            ⇒       行                  ⇒ 列(Columns)

2. Elasticsearch ⇒ 索引(Index) ⇒ 类型(type) ⇒ 文档(Docments)  ⇒ 字段(Fields)

三.java操作Elasticsearch

4种：TransportClient、RestClient、SpringData-Es、Elasticsearch-SQL。

1.TransportClient    已经弃用

2.RestClient

首先添加依赖如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
    <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
    <version>7.2.0</version>
</dependency>

springboot的yml的配置为：

# Elasticsearch配置
elasticsearch:
    hostname: 127.0.0.1
    port: 9200

这里讲一下9200与9300的区别：

9200：是es节点与外部通讯使用的端口，它是http协议的RESTful接口（各种CRUD操作都是走的该端口,如查询：          http://localhost:9200/user/_search）。

9300：是es节点之间通讯使用的端口，它是TCP通讯端口，集群之间和TCPclient都是使用的是它。

配置客户端实例：

new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1","9200","http")));

spring中如下：

@Bean
public RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient() {
    // 如果有多个从节点可以持续在内部new多个HttpHost，参数1是IP，参数2是端口，参数3是通信协议
    return new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(hostname, port, "http")));
}

使用方式：

===========================================添加文档===============================================

1.创建IndexRequest

IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest(“索引名称”);

2.定义source

String source = JSON.toJSONString(数据对象);

3.indexrequest添加source原始数据

indexRequest.source(source,XContentType.JSON);

4.创建索引

IndexResponse indexResponse = restHighLevelClient.index(indexRequest,RequestOption.DEFAULT);

==========================================查询文档================================================

1.创建 SearchSourceBuilde

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

2.分页

searchSourceBuilder.from((page - 1) * rows);
searchSourceBuilder.size(rows);

3.查询条件

QueryBuilder queryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery(keyword, "name", "desc");
searchSourceBuilder.query(queryBuilder);

4.排序，根据ID倒叙
searchSourceBuilder.sort("id", SortOrder.DESC);

5.创建searchRequest

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

7.查询ES

SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

8.返回结果集

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

9.遍历封装的数据

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();
for (SearchHit searchHit : searchHits) {
    bookDtoList.add(JSON.parseObject(searchHit.getSourceAsString(), BookDto.class));
}

=========================================根据条件id查询==========================================

1.创建GetRequest

GetRequest getRequest = new GetRequest(Constant.INDEX, id);

2.查询ES
GetResponse getResponse = restHighLevelClient.get(getRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

3.返回数据

BookDto bookDto = JSON.parseObject(getResponse.getSourceAsString(), BookDto.class);

===========================================修改文档===============================================

UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest(Constant.INDEX, bookDto.getId().toString());
updateRequest.doc(JSON.toJSONString(bookDto), XContentType.JSON);
// 操作ES
UpdateResponse updateResponse = restHighLevelClient.update(updateRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

============================================删除文档==============================================

DeleteRequest deleteRequest = new DeleteRequest(Constant.INDEX, id);
// 操作ES
DeleteResponse deleteResponse = restHighLevelClient.delete(deleteRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

============================================结束=================================================