如何使用 Vue3的watch来实现数据的实时更新

watch函数用于侦听某个值的变化，当该值发生改变后，触发对应的处理逻辑。

 一、监听基础ref类型

1.监听单个ref数据

<template>
  <button class="style" @click="num++">增加watch</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch, ref } from "vue";
const num = ref(1);
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值
watch(num, (newVal, oldVal) => {
  console.log(`新值:${newVal} --- 旧值:${oldVal}`);
});
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 20px 20px;
}
</style>

 

初始值为1 点击按钮后 侦听到

2.监听多个ref数据,以数组的形式侦听

<template>
  <h1 class="style">{{ one }} | {{ two }}</h1>
  <button class="style" @click="one++">增加one的值</button>
  <button class="style" @click="two++">增加two的值</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch, ref } from "vue";
const one = ref(0);
const two = ref(10);
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值
watch([one, two], ([newVal, oldVal]) => {
  console.log(`新值:${newVal} --- 旧值:${oldVal}`);
});
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 10px 20px;
}
</style>

 

one的初始值为1 two的初始值为10 点击one按钮后 侦听到 one的值+1

点击two按钮后 侦听到 two的值+1

3.监听一个ref对象

<template>
  <h1 class="style">{{ num.number }}</h1>
  <h1 class="style">{{ num.age }}</h1>
  <button class="style" @click="num.number++">增加number的值</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch,ref } from "vue";
const num = ref({
  number: 1,
  age: 18,
});
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值

// 这个侦听器无效，即控制台无输出
watch(num, (newVal, oldVal) => {
  console.log("侦听器1：", newVal, oldVal);
});

// getter函数形式，新旧值不一样
watch(
  () => ({ ...num.value }),
  (newVal, oldVal) => {
    console.log("侦听器2：", newVal, oldVal);
  }
);
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 10px 20px;
}
</style>

 二、监听基础reactive类型

1.监听对象中的单个属性

<template>
  <h1 class="style">{{ num.value }}</h1>
  <button class="style" @click="num.value++">增加one的值</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch, reactive } from "vue";
const num = reactive({
  value: 1,
});
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值
watch(
  () => num.value,
  (newVal, oldVal) => {
    console.log(`新值:${newVal} --- 旧值:${oldVal}`);
  }
);
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 10px 20px;
}
</style>

初始值为1 点击按钮后 侦听到

2.多层嵌套的对象

<template>
  <h1 class="style">{{ num.number }}|{{ num.key.age }}</h1>
  <button class="style" @click="num.number++">增加number的值</button>
  <button class="style" @click="num.key.age++">增加age的值</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch, reactive } from "vue";
const num = reactive({
  number: 1,
  name: "张三",
  key: {
    age: 18,
  },
});
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值
watch(
  [() => num.number, () => num.key.age],
   (newVal, oldVal) => {
  console.log(`新值:${newVal} --- 旧值:${oldVal}`);
});
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 10px 20px;
}
</style>

number的初始值为1 点击左侧按钮number+1 age的值不变

age的初始值为18 点击右侧按钮age+1 number值不变

3.同时监听ref基本类型数据和reactive对象中的属性

<template>
  <h1 class="style">{{ address }}|{{ num.number }}</h1>
  <button class="style" @click="address++">增加address的值</button>
  <button class="style" @click="num.number++">增加number的值</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { watch, reactive, ref } from "vue";
const address = ref("88");
const num = reactive({
  number: 1,
  name: "张三",
  key: {
    age: 18,
  },
});
// newVal: 新值 | oldVal: 旧值
watch([address, () => num.number], (newVal, oldVal) => {
  console.log(`新值:${newVal} --- 新值:${newVal}`);
  console.log(`旧值:${oldVal}--- 旧值:${oldVal}`);
});
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.style {
  margin: 10px 20px;
}
</style>

 

address的初始值为88 点击左侧按钮address+1 number的值不变

 

number的初始值为1 点击右侧按钮number+1 address的值不变