Python基于selenium的12306模拟登陆

实例：基于selenium的12306模拟登陆

url：https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init

首页：

分析：

为了保证我们捕获的验证码和当次登录是匹配的，我们需要将当前selenium打开的登录页面中的验证码图片裁剪下来，识别任务由超级鹰完成，超级鹰的使用方法可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40576010/article/details/89196671
接着利用超级鹰返回的坐标值依次点击正确的验证码实现模拟登陆

注：一定要注意电脑的缩放，一般电脑缩放为125%，如果不想将缩放调为100%，在裁剪验证码时要将坐标值放大为1.25倍，在点击验证码时需要将超级鹰返回的坐标值缩小为0.8倍

程序代码：

import requests
from hashlib import md5
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from time import sleep
from PIL import Image


#######超级鹰模板########
class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()



def transformImgCode(imgPath, imgType):
    chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('你的超级鹰账号', '你的超级鹰密码', '96001')  # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
    im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
    return chaojiying.PostPic(im, imgType)['pic_str']
#######超级鹰模板########


bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init')
sleep(2)
# 截图
bro.save_screenshot('main.png')
# 定位到验证码标签
img_tag = bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="loginForm"]/div/ul[2]/li[4]/div/div/div[3]/img')
location = img_tag.location  # 验证码左上角坐标
size = img_tag.size  # 验证码的宽和高
# 计算验证码裁剪范围
rangle = (int(location['x'])*1.25, int(location['y'])*1.25, int(location['x'] + size['width'])*1.25, int(location['y'] + size['height'])*1.25)
# 根据裁剪范围对图片进行裁剪
img = Image.open('main.png')
frame = img.crop(rangle)
frame.save('code.png')
result = transformImgCode('code.png', 9004)
# 分离返回的x，y坐标值
all_list = []
if '|' in result:
    list_1 = result.split('|')
    for i in range(len(list_1)):
        xy_list = []
        x = int(list_1[i].split(',')[0])
        y = int(list_1[i].split(',')[1])
        xy_list.append(x)
        xy_list.append(y)
        all_list.append(xy_list)
else:
    xy_list = []
    x = int(result.split(',')[0])
    y = int(result.split(',')[1])
    xy_list.append(x)
    xy_list.append(y)
    all_list.append(xy_list)
# 根据坐标值依次点击验证码
for xy in all_list:
    x = xy[0]*0.8
    y = xy[1]*0.8
    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(img_tag, x, y).click().perform()
    sleep(1)
print(all_list)
bro.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('你的12306账号')
sleep(1)
bro.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('你的12306密码')
sleep(1)
bro.find_element_by_id('loginSub').click()
sleep(2)
bro.quit()