控制器详解、临时任务与计划任务、Headless服务/弹性云服务部署（HPA）、弹性云项目实战

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已于 2023-07-17 16:13:52 修改

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

于 2023-07-17 08:43:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Djdhdhskn/article/details/131758386

版权

kubernetes
控制器
Deployment

Deploy 图例
Deploy 控制器

# 清理 Pod ，使用控制器创建
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod --all
# 资源对象模板
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment myweb --image=myos:httpd --dry-run=client -o yaml
[root@master ~]# vim mydeploy.yaml
---
kind: Deployment          # 资源对象类型
apiVersion: apps/v1       # 版本
metadata:                 # 元数据
  name: myweb             # 名称
spec:                     # 详细定义
  replicas: 2             # 副本数量
  selector:               # 定义标签选择器
    matchLabels:          # 支持 matchExpressions 表达式语法
      app: httpd          # 通过标签来确定那个 Pod 由它来管理
  template:               # 定义用来创建 Pod 的模板,以下为 Pod 定义
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: httpd
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
      - name: apache
        image: myos:httpd
        ports:
        - name: myhttp
          protocol: TCP
          containerPort: 80


[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mydeploy.yaml 
deployment.apps/myweb created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployments 
NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
myweb   2/2     2            2           68s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get replicasets 
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc   2         2         2       73s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc-5mhqn   1/1     Running   0          76s
myweb-64b544dcbc-nt6tz   1/1     Running   0          76s

ClusterIP 服务

[root@master ~]# vim websvc.yaml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: websvc
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  clusterIP: 10.245.1.80
  selector:
    app: httpd
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f websvc.yaml 
service/websvc created
[root@master ~]# curl -m 3 http://10.245.1.80
Welcome to The Apache.

Pod维护管理

# 自维护自治理
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc-5mhqn   1/1     Running   0          4m16s
myweb-64b544dcbc-nt6tz   1/1     Running   0          4m16s

# Pod 被删除后，Deploy 会自动创建新的 Pod 来维护集群的完整性
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod myweb-64b544dcbc-5mhqn 
pod "myweb-64b544dcbc-5mhqn" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc-g8l9p   1/1     Running   0          3s
myweb-64b544dcbc-nt6tz   1/1     Running   0          4m25s

集群扩缩容

# 设置 1 Pod 集群
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale deployment myweb --replicas=1
deployment.apps/myweb scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc-nt6tz   1/1     Running   0          5m46s
# 设置 3 Pod 集群
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale deployment myweb --replicas=3
deployment.apps/myweb scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-64b544dcbc-5sf5z   1/1     Running   0          3s
myweb-64b544dcbc-6r6dw   1/1     Running   0          3s
myweb-64b544dcbc-nt6tz   1/1     Running   0          5m56s

历史版本信息

# 查看历史版本
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment myweb 
deployment.apps/myweb 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>

# 添加注释信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl annotate deployments myweb kubernetes.io/change-cause="httpd.v1"
deployment.apps/myweb annotated
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment myweb 
deployment.apps/myweb 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         httpd.v1

滚动更新

# 修改镜像，滚动更新集群
[root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment myweb apache=myos:nginx
deployment.apps/myweb image updated 
# 给新版本添加注释信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl annotate deployments myweb kubernetes.io/change-cause="nginx.v1"
deployment.apps/myweb annotated
# 查看历史版本信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment myweb 
deployment.apps/myweb 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         httpd.v1
2         nginx.v1

# 访问验证服务
[root@master ~]# curl -m 3 http://10.245.1.80
Nginx is running !

版本回滚

# 历史版本与回滚
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment myweb --to-revision=1
deployment.apps/myweb rolled back
[root@master ~]# curl -m 3 http://10.245.1.80
Welcome to The Apache.

[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment myweb 
deployment.apps/myweb 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
2         nginx.v1
3         httpd.v1

# 删除控制器方法1
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployments myweb 
deployment.apps "myweb" deleted
# 删除控制器方法2
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f mydeploy.yaml
deployment.apps "myweb" deleted

DaemonSet

DS图例
资源对象案例

[root@master ~]# cp -a mydeploy.yaml myds.yaml
[root@master ~]# vim myds.yaml
---
kind: DaemonSet  # 资源对象类型
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: myds     # 控制器名称
spec:
  # replicas: 2 删除掉副本数量
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: httpd
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: httpd
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
      - name: apache
        image: myos:httpd
        ports:
        - name: myhttp
          protocol: TCP
          containerPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myds.yaml 
daemonset.apps/myds created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE
myds-msrcx   1/1     Running   0          31s   10.244.1.11   node-0001
myds-lwq8l   1/1     Running   0          31s   10.244.2.17   node-0002
myds-4wt72   1/1     Running   0          31s   10.244.3.14   node-0003
myds-6k82t   1/1     Running   0          31s   10.244.4.15   node-0004
myds-9c6wc   1/1     Running   0          31s   10.244.5.19   node-0005

污点干扰

# 设置污点，重建 daemonset
[root@master ~]# kubectl taint node node-0001 k=v:NoSchedule
node/node-0001 tainted
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myds.yaml 
daemonset.apps "myds" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myds.yaml 
daemonset.apps/myds created
# 有污点不会部署，特殊需求可以设置容忍策略
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myds-pkdn9   1/1     Running   0          2s
myds-pkp6b   1/1     Running   0          2s
myds-j84cw   1/1     Running   0          2s
myds-5c69p   1/1     Running   0          2s
# 删除污点后会立即部署
[root@master ~]# kubectl taint node node-0001 k=v:NoSchedule-
node/node-0001 untainted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myds-2c86p   1/1     Running   0          1s
myds-pkdn9   1/1     Running   0          9s
myds-pkp6b   1/1     Running   0          9s
myds-j84cw   1/1     Running   0          9s
myds-5c69p   1/1     Running   0          9s

# 删除控制器
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myds.yaml 
daemonset.apps "myds" deleted

Job/CronJob

Job图例
Job 控制器

# 资源对象模板
[root@master ~]# kubectl create job myjob --image=myos:8.5 --dry-run=client -o yaml -- sleep 3
[root@master ~]# vim myjob.yaml 
---
kind: Job
apiVersion: batch/v1
metadata:
  name: myjob
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      containers:
      - name: myjob
        image: myos:8.5
        command: ["/bin/bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - |
          sleep 3
          exit $((RANDOM%2))

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myjob.yaml 
job.batch/myjob created

# 失败了会重启
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l job-name=myjob -w
NAME             READY   STATUS      RESTARTS     AGE
myjob--1-lrtbk   1/1     Running     0            2s
myjob--1-lrtbk   0/1     Error       0            4s
myjob--1-lrtbk   1/1     Running     1 (1s ago)   5s
myjob--1-lrtbk   0/1     Completed   1            9s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get jobs.batch 
NAME    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
myjob   1/1           8s         12s

# 删除Job控制器
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myjob.yaml 
job.batch "myjob" deleted

CJ图例
资源对象案例

# 资源对象模板
[root@master ~]# kubectl create cronjob mycj --image=myos:8.5 --schedule='* * * * *' --dry-run=client -o yaml -- sleep 3
[root@master ~]# vim mycj.yaml
---
kind: CronJob
apiVersion: batch/v1
metadata:
  name: mycj
spec:
  schedule: "*/1 * * * 1-5"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          restartPolicy: OnFailure
          containers:
          - name: myjob
            image: myos:8.5
            command: ["/bin/bash"]
            args:
            - -c
            - |
              sleep 3
              exit $((RANDOM%2))

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mycj.yaml 
cronjob.batch/mycj created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get cronjobs 
NAME   SCHEDULE        SUSPEND   ACTIVE   LAST SCHEDULE   AGE
mycj   */1 * * * 1-5   False     0        <none>          4s

# 按照时间周期，每分钟触发一个任务
[root@master ~]# kubectl get jobs -w
NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
mycj-27808172--1-w6sbx   0/1     Pending             0          0s
mycj-27808172--1-w6sbx   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
mycj-27808172--1-w6sbx   1/1     Running             0          1s
mycj-27808172--1-w6sbx   0/1     Completed           1          4s

# 保留三次结果，多余的会被删除
[root@master ~]# kubectl get jobs 
NAME            COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
mycj-27605367   1/1           31s        3m30s
mycj-27605368   1/1           31s        2m30s
mycj-27605369   1/1           31s        90s
mycj-27605370   0/1           30s        30s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get jobs 
NAME                 COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
mycj-27605368   1/1           31s        2m33s
mycj-27605369   1/1           31s        93s
mycj-27605370   1/1           31s        33s

# 删除CJ控制器
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f mycj.yaml 
cronjob.batch "mycj" deleted

StatefulSet

STS图例
headless服务

# 配置headless服务
[root@master ~]# vim mysts.yaml 
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mysvc2
spec:
  type: ClusterIP   # 类型
  clusterIP: None   # IP 设置为 None
  selector:
    app: apache
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mysts.yaml 
service/mysvc2 created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get service mysvc
NAME          TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
mysvc2        ClusterIP   None          <none>        80/TCP    61s

资源对象文件

[root@master ~]# vim mysts.yaml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mysvc2
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: apache
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

---
kind: StatefulSet
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: mysts
spec:
  serviceName: mysvc2
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchExpressions:
    - operator: In   #标签选择 有3中匹配模式 In  NotIn  Exists(模糊)
      key: app
      values:
      - apache
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: apache
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
      - name: apache
        image: myos:httpd
        ports:
        - name: webport
          protocol: TCP
          containerPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mysts.yaml 
service/mysvc2 unchanged
statefulset.apps/mysts created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
mysts-0   1/1     Running   0          3s
mysts-1   1/1     Running   0          2s
mysts-2   1/1     Running   0          1s

[root@master ~]# host mysts-0.mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local 10.245.0.10
Using domain server:
Name: 10.245.0.10
Address: 10.245.0.10#53
Aliases: 

mysts-0.mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.3.81

[root@master ~]# host mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local 10.245.0.10
Using domain server:
Name: 10.245.0.10
Address: 10.245.0.10#53
Aliases: 

mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.2.10
mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.1.12
mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.3.11

#域名访问对应的pod
[root@master ~]# curl -H "Host: mysts-0.mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local" 10.244.2.10
[root@master ~]# curl -H "Host: mysts-1.mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local" 10.244.1.12
[root@master ~]# curl -H "Host: mysts-2.mysvc2.default.svc.cluster.local" 10.244.3.11

# 删除sts控制器
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f mysts.yaml
service "mysvc2" deleted
statefulset.apps "mysts" deleted

HorizontalPodAutoscaling

HPA图例

创建后端服务

# 为 Deploy 模板添加资源配额
[root@master ~]# vim mydeploy.yaml 
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: httpd
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: httpd
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
      - name: apache
        image: myos:httpd
        ports:
        - name: myhttp
          protocol: TCP
          containerPort: 80
        resources:           # 为该资源设置配额
          requests:          # HPA 控制器会根据配额使用情况伸缩集群
            cpu: "200m"      # CPU 配额

[root@master ~]# vim websvc.yaml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: websvc
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  clusterIP: 10.245.2.80
  selector:
    app: httpd
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mydeploy.yaml -f websvc.yaml
deployment.apps/myweb created
service/websvc created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb-5946bb4c68-c8tm2   1/1     Running   0          2m43s
[root@master ~]# curl -s http://10.245.2.80
Welcome to The Apache.

创建HPA控制器

[root@master ~]# vim myhpa.yaml 
---
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  minReplicas: 1
  maxReplicas: 5
  scaleTargetRef:
    kind: Deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    name: myweb
  targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 50

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myhpa.yaml 
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/myweb created

# 刚刚创建 unknown 是正常现象，最多等待 60s 就可以正常获取数据
[root@master ~]# kubectl get horizontalpodautoscalers.autoscaling 
NAME    REFERENCE          TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
myweb   Deployment/myweb   <unknown>/50%   1         5         0          4s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get horizontalpodautoscalers.autoscaling 
NAME    REFERENCE          TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
myweb   Deployment/myweb   0%/50%          1         5         1          71s

验证测试

# 终端 1 访问提高负载
[root@master ~]# while sleep 1;do
    curl -s "http://10.245.2.80/info.php?id=80000"
done
# 终端 2 监控 HPA 变化
[root@master ~]# kubectl get hpa -w
NAME    REFERENCE          TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
myweb   Deployment/myweb   0%/50%    1         3         1          8m21s
myweb   Deployment/myweb   49%/50%   1         3         1          9m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   56%/50%   1         3         1          9m15s
myweb   Deployment/myweb   56%/50%   1         3         2          9m30s
myweb   Deployment/myweb   37%/50%   1         3         2          9m45s
myweb   Deployment/myweb   32%/50%   1         3         2          10m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   41%/50%   1         3         2          11m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   48%/50%   1         3         2          11m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   51%/50%   1         3         2          11m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   59%/50%   1         3         2          11m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   58%/50%   1         3         3          12m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   42%/50%   1         3         3          12m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   34%/50%   1         3         3          12m

# 如果 300s 内平均负载小于标准值，就会自动缩减集群规模
[root@master ~]# kubectl get hpa -w
NAME    REFERENCE          TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
myweb   Deployment/myweb   38%/50%   1         3         3          19m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   21%/50%   1         3         3          20m
myweb   Deployment/myweb   17%/50%   1         3         3          21m
myweb   Deployment/myweb    7%/50%   1         3         3          22m
myweb   Deployment/myweb    0%/50%   1         3         3          23m
myweb   Deployment/myweb    0%/50%   1         3         2          25m
myweb   Deployment/myweb    0%/50%   1         3         1          28m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get horizontalpodautoscalers.autoscaling 
NAME    REFERENCE          TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
myweb   Deployment/myweb   0%/50%    1         3         1          5m41s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
myweb-5946bb4c68-f9tw9     1/1       Running   0         6m40s

项目实战

项目

WEB集群项目：
使用 Nginx 搭建 web 集群，动态页面由 PHP 和 Tomcat 集群解析
使用 NFS 存放网页
将访问日志存放在计算节点的 /var/weblog 目录下
弹性部署 PHP、Tomcat 集群服务

小超哥哥帮你

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控制器详解、临时任务与计划任务、Headless服务/弹性云服务部署（HPA）、弹性云项目实战

使用 Nginx 搭建 web 集群，动态页面由 PHP 和 Tomcat 集群解析。将访问日志存放在计算节点的 /var/weblog 目录下。弹性部署 PHP、Tomcat 集群服务。使用 NFS 存放网页。
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