nodejs 路由（URL映射）

1、创建路由

//加载express框架
var express = require('express');
//创建一个express实例
var app = express();
//创建express的路由功能，可以根据需要创建多个路由，需要多少，创建多少。
var router = express.Router();

router.use(function(req, res, next) {
    //路由，类似于java中的拦截器功能，在请求到达后台之前，先在这里处理。
    //  some logic here ..
    req.query["name"] = "tom";
    console.info('进入路由，添加一个参数name=tom');
    //next的作用是将请求转发，这个必须有，如果没有，请求到这就挂起了。
    next();
});

//get('/login') 截取Get请求方式的url中含有/login的请求
router.get('/login', function(req, res, next) {
    console.log('进入路由，添加一个参数age=28');
    req.query["age"] = "28";
    next(); //请求转发
});

//加载路由，这里要放在下面原始监听/login的上面
app.get('/login', router);
app.get('/login', function(req, res) {
    console.log('打印参数', req.query);
    res.end('ok');
});

app.listen(3000); //指定端口并启动express web服务

结果：

2、router.all(path, [callback...], callback)

对于一个路由，all方法可以添加多个逻辑方法，logic1，logic2，请求按照顺序转发，即logic1完了进入logic2，等价于

router.all('*', logic1)
router.all('*', logic2);

示例：

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var router = express.Router();

router.use(function(req, res, next) {
    req.query["name"] = "tom";
    console.info('进入路由，添加一个参数name=tom');
    next();
});

router.get('/login', function(req, res, next) {
    console.log('进入路由，添加一个参数age=28');
    req.query["age"] = "28";
    next(); //请求转发
});

app.get('/login', router);
app.get('/login', function(req, res) {
    console.log('打印参数', req.query);
    res.end('ok');
});

router.all('*', logic1, logic2);

function logic1(req, res, next) {
    req.query["logic1"] = "logic1";
    next();
}
function logic2(req, res, next) {
    req.query["logic2"] = "logic2";
    next();
}
app.listen(3000); //指定端口并启动express web服务

结果：

3、支持正则表达式匹配URL示例：

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var router = express.Router();
router.get(/^\/login\/result1/, function(req, res) {
    console.log('打印参数result1 ', req.query);
    res.end('ok');
})
router.get(/^\/login\/result2/, function(req, res) {
    console.log('打印参数 result2 ', req.query);
    res.end('ok');
})
app.get('/login/*', router);
app.listen(3000);

测试：http://127.0.0.1:3000/login/result1?var=tom

结果

测试：http://127.0.0.1:3000/login/result2?var=tom2

结果：

4、router.param([name], callback)

http://127.0.0.1:3000/user/:id方式，router对象的param方法用于路径参数的处理

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var router = express.Router();
router.param('id', function (req, res, next, id) {
    console.log('print id1 '+id);
    next();
})

router.get('/user/:id', function (req, res, next) {
    console.log('print id2 '+req.params.id);
    next();
});

router.get('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
    console.log('print id3 '+req.params.id);
    res.end();
});
app.get('/*', router);
app.listen(3000);

测试：http://127.0.0.1:3000/user/tom

结果

5、 router.route(path)

路由以链式的方式依次处理get put post delete 等http请求

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var router = express.Router();

router.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id) {
    // sample user, would actually fetch from DB, etc...
    req.user = {
        id: id,
        name: 'TJ'
    };
    next();
});

router.route('/users/:user_id')
    .all(function(req, res, next) {
        // runs for all HTTP verbs first
        // think of it as route specific middleware!
        next();
    })
    .get(function(req, res, next) {
        res.json(req.user);
    })
    .put(function(req, res, next) {
        // just an example of maybe updating the user
        req.user.name = req.params.name;
        // save user ... etc
        res.json(req.user);
    })
    .post(function(req, res, next) {
        next(new Error('not implemented'));
    })
    .delete(function(req, res, next) {
        next(new Error('not implemented'));
    })