Substrate之旅4：基于Substrate私有链的搭建

参考：https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/v3/private-network/

实现目标

这里我们学习：

1. 如何基于Substrate来构成一个两节点的链网络。
2. 如何配置使用Aura的共识机制。
3. 如何定制账户，并设置其为Aura的Validator。

启动两个节点的链网络

确认环境准备好了

1. Rust及相关Rust的工具链已安装。
2. Substrate node template源码已下载好，且编译通过。
3. Subkey已安装好（它的安装步骤将在“自主生成key”部分详细讲）。

基于Substrate节点模板启动两节点的链网络

这里，我们将基于节点模板里缺省有的两个账户Alice和Bob，来启动两个Substrate节点，并让这个两个节点相互连接，形成一个链网络。因此，经过这部分学习后，我们应掌握基于Substrate构建多节点链网络的基本步骤。

基于Alice启动Substrate节点

1. 执行以下的命令，清除之前节点启动可能残留的数据

./target/release/node-template purge-chain --base-path /tmp/alice --chain local

该命令会提示，敲入y

Are you sure to remove "/tmp/alice/chains/local_testnet/db/full"? [y/N]

注：如果希望新建的链是纯净的，就应清除之前启动过的链的数据。

2. 执行以下的命令，用alice这个账户来启动一个substrate节点。

./target/release/node-template \
--base-path /tmp/alice \
--chain local \
--alice \
--port 30333 \
--ws-port 9945 \
--rpc-port 9933 \
--node-key 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 \
--telemetry-url "wss://telemetry.polkadot.io/submit/ 0" \
--validator

下面是该命令用到的选项的含义：

:Option	:Description
--base-path	Specifies the directory for storing all of the data related to this chain.
--chain local	Specifies the chain specification to use. Valid predefined chain specifications include local, development, and staging.
--alice	Adds the predefined keys for the alice account to the node’s keystore. With this setting, the alice account is used for block production and finalization.
--port 30333	Specifies the port to listen on for peer-to-peer (p2p) traffic. Because this tutorial uses two nodes running on the same physical computer to simulate a network, you must explicitly specify a different port for at least one account.
--ws-port 9945	Specifies the port to listen on for incoming WebSocket traffic. The default port is 9944. This tutorial uses a custom web socket port number (9945).
--rpc-port 9933	Specifies the port to listen on for incoming RPC traffic. The default port is 9933.
--node-key <key>	Specifies the Ed25519 secret key to use for libp2p networking. You should only use this option for development and testing.
--telemetry-url	Specifies where to send telemetry data. For this tutorial, you can send telemetry data to a server hosted by Parity that is available for anyone to use.
--validator	Spec