Python爬虫爬取百度百科词条

在慕课网上的课程,我将他的代码在我电脑上进行了实现

慕课网相关链接:http://www.imooc.com/learn/563

GitHub代码:https://github.com/DongChengrong/imooc

目标:爬取百度百科上的1000条词条,将爬取的词条url地址输出,将词条的相关信息(url、标题、概述)写入一个叫output.htm的文件

 

首先打开eclipse,建立一个PyDev的项目,在该项目的src目录下新建一个叫做baike_spider的包,这个包下新建5个Python文件,分别是用于启动的spider_main.py、html下载器html_downloader.py、用于解析HTML文件的html_parser.py、用于url管理的url_manager.py、用于向output.html中写信息的html_outputer.py

 

下面我将分别给出五个文件的内容

 

spider_main.py

 

#coding:utf-8

from baike_spider import url_manager,html_downloader,html_outputer,html_parser

class SpiderMain(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()
        self.downloader = html_downloader.HtmlDownloader()
        self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser()
        self.outputer = html_outputer.HtmlOutputer()
    
    def craw(self, root_url):
        count = 1
        self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
        while self.urls.has_new_url():
            try:
                new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()
                
                print "craw %d : %s"%(count, new_url)
    
                html_cont = self.downloader.download(new_url)
                new_urls, new_data = self.parser.parse(new_url,html_cont)
                self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls)
                self.outputer.collect_data(new_data)
                
                if(count == 1000):
                    break;
                
                count = count + 1 
            except Exception,e:
                print e
                print "craw failed"
            
        self.outputer.output_html()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root_url = 'https://baike.baidu.com/item/Python/407313'
    obj_spider = SpiderMain()
    obj_spider.craw(root_url)


html_downloader.py

 

 

#coding:utf-8
import urllib2

class HtmlDownloader():
    
    def download(self, url):
        if url is None:
            return None
        
        response = urllib2.urlopen(url)
        
        if response.getcode() != 200:
            return None
        
        return response.read()


html_parser.py

 

 

#coding:utf-8
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import urlparse


class HtmlParser():
    
    def _get_new_urls(self,page_url,soup):
        
        new_urls = set()
        links = soup.find_all('a',href = re.compile(r"/item/"))
        for link in links:
            new_url = link['href']
            new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
            new_urls.add(new_full_url)
            
        return new_urls
    
    def _get_new_data(self,page_url,soup):
        
        res_data = {}
        res_data['url'] = page_url
        
        #<dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title">
        title_node = soup.find('dd', class_ = "lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title").find("h1")
        res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()
        #<div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
        summary_node = soup.find("div",class_ = "lemma-summary")
        res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()
        
        return res_data
              
    def parse(self,page_url,html_cont):
        if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
            return
        
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser',from_encoding = 'utf-8')
        new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
        new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)
        
        return new_urls, new_data


html_outputer.py

 

 

#coding:utf-8
import sys
from doctest import _SpoofOut
from idlelib.IOBinding import encoding

class HtmlOutputer():
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.datas = []   
    
    def collect_data(self,data):
        if data is None:
            return
        self.datas.append(data)
        
    def output_html(self):
        with open("output.html",'w') as fout:
            
            fout.write("<html>")
            fout.write("<body>")
            fout.write("<table border = ‘1’>")
            
            for data in self.datas:
                
                fout.write("<tr>")
                fout.write("<td><a href =%s>" % data['url'])
                fout.write(("%s</a></td>" % data['title']).encode("utf-8"))
                fout.write(("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary']).encode('utf-8'))
                fout.write("</tr>")
            
            fout.write("</table>")
            fout.write("</body>")
            fout.write("</html>")
        
            fout.close()


url_manager.py

 

 

#coding:utf-8

class UrlManager():
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.new_urls = set()
        self.old_urls = set()
    
    def add_new_url(self,url):
        if url is None:
            return
        if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
            self.new_urls.add(url)
            
    def add_new_urls(self,urls):
        if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
            return
        for url in urls:
            self.add_new_url(url)
             
              
    def has_new_url(self):
        return len(self.new_urls) != 0
    
    def get_new_url(self):
        new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
        self.old_urls.add(new_url)
        return new_url

 

 

好了,就这些,祝福同学们一起成功的爬取词条

 

附上我运行成功后生成的output.html截图

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Python可以用于爬取百度百科的内容。有一本实践技巧的书籍提供了详细的指导[1]。在爬取百度百科的过程中,我们可以设置一个目标,比如爬取1000条词条,并将这些词条的URL地址输出,并将词条的相关信息(URL、标题、概述)写入一个叫output.htm的文件。 在爬取百度百科上的词条时,我们需要注意将爬取到的内容以字典的形式进行整理。通过使用字典,我们可以将词条的标题和相应的内容进行配对。代码示例如下: elem_dict = dict(zip(elem_name, elem_value)) dict_1 = {} for key in elem_dict: print(key.text, elem_dict[key].text) dict_1.update({key.text: elem_dict[key].text}) 通过这样的方法,我们可以将爬取到的词条标题和内容以字典的形式保存下来,方便后续的处理和使用。<span class="em">1</span><span class="em">2</span><span class="em">3</span> #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* [Python爬虫实战笔记-股票爬取示例.md](https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_52057528/88258593)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 33.333333333333336%"] - *2* [Python爬虫爬取百度百科词条](https://blog.csdn.net/DongChengRong/article/details/77924695)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 33.333333333333336%"] - *3* [基于python里selenium库的信息盒爬取](https://blog.csdn.net/poorlytechnology/article/details/109574110)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 33.333333333333336%"] [ .reference_list ]

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