语法:
const char *c_str();搜索
c_str()函数返回一个指向正规C字符串的指针, 内容与本string串相同.
这是为了与c语言兼容,在c语言中没有string类型,故必须通过string类对象的成员函数c_str()把string 对象转换成c中的字符串样式。
注意:一定要使用strcpy()函数 等来操作方法c_str()返回的指针
比如:最好不要这样:
char* c;
string s="1234";
c = s.c_str(); //c最后指向的内容是垃圾,因为s对象被析构,其内容被处理
应该这样用:
char c[20];
string s="1234";
strcpy(c,s.c_str());
这样才不会出错,c_str()返回的是一个临时指针,不能对其进行操作
再举个例子
c_str() 以 char* 形式传回 string 内含字符串
如果一个函数要求char*参数,可以使用c_str()方法:
string s = "Hello World!";
printf("%s", s.c_str()); //输出 "Hello World!"
解析:
c_str()函数返回一个临时的指针,由于是临时的,所以在没有出作用域之前就应该使用strcpy(),将字符串内容拷贝到其他字符数据或者指针中(毕竟可读).
返回的数据只读不可写,因为是const char ;
文章目录
20230816
C++ String类型与C语言字符数组的转换:std::string.c_str()函数深度解析
在进行C++和C语言混合编程时,我们可能需要在C++ string类型和C语言字符数组之间进行转换。这种情况下,std::string.c_str()
方法起到了至关重要的作用。本文将详细介绍这个方法以及其背后的一些理论知识。
1. C++ String类型与C语言字符数组概述
1.1 C++ String类型
在C++中,std::string
是一个类,它表示可变长的字符串序列,支持许多便捷的操作如连接、子串等。它是由字符组成的序列,并且在末尾添加了一个空字符’\0’。例如:
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
1.2 C语言字符数组
在C语言中,字符串通常以字符数组的形式存在。这是一种连续存储的方式,每个元素是一个字符,字符串结束标志是特殊的空字符’\0’。例如:
char cstr[] = "Hello, World!";
2. std::string.c_str()方法详解
std::string.c_str()
是一个非常有用的成员函数,它可以返回一个指向正规C字符串的指针常量,且该指针指向一个以空字符终止的字符数组。
以下是使用c_str()
函数的示例:
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
const char* cstr = str.c_str();
注意,返回的C风格字符串是由string内部维护的,不应删除它,因为它的生命周期与原始string对象的生命周期相同。
3. C++ String到C字符数组的转换
以下是一段完整的代码,展示了如何使用c_str()
函数将C++字符串转换为C风格字符串:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
// 创建一个C++字符串
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
// 使用c_str()函数转换为C风格字符串
const char* cstr = str.c_str();
// 输出转换后的字符串
std::cout << "The C-string is: " << cstr << std::endl;
return 0;
}
4. C字符数组到C++ String的转换
虽然本文主要讨论c_str()
函数,但有时候我们也需要将C风格字符串转换回C++字符串。这可以直接通过使用string类的构造函数完成,例如:
char cstr[] = "Hello, World!";
std::string str(cstr);
5. 注意事项
- 不要尝试删除
c_str()
返回的指针,否则会导致未定义的行为。 c_str()
返回的指针随着原始string对象的销毁而失效。- 如果对原始string对象进行修改,那么
c_str()
返回的指针也可能失效。
参考文献
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