“cat <<EOF” 是一种 shell 的重定向语法，称为 “here document”。
它的作用是从标准输入读取一个文本块，直到遇到结束标识符 “EOF”，然后将该文本块写入标准输出。
在这里，“cat <<EOF” 用于在屏幕上输出多行文本。
示例：
#!/bin/bash
cat << EOF
This is a sample text.
This is line 2.
This is line 3.
EOF
运行结果：
This is a sample text.
This is line 2.
This is line 3.
有了它，就不用一直echo…echo了、
20230816
Linux Shell: 深入理解 “cat <<EOF” 的用途和实现
介绍
在处理文件或文本数据时，Linux shell 提供了多种工具和方法。其中，cat 命令是一个常用的命令，用于连接并打印文件的内容。此外，它还可以配合 <<EOF 语法结构，用于连续输出多行文本，也就是我们所说的"文本块"。在这篇文章中，我们将详细讨论 cat <<EOF 的用途，并展示如何使用它。
理解 “cat” 命令
首先，我们需要理解 cat 命令的基础功能。cat（代表"concatenate"）命令是用于连接并打印文件的内容。例如，如果你有两个文件，文件1和文件2，你可以使用以下命令查看它们的内容：
cat file1 file2
此命令将按顺序显示两个文件的内容。
探索 “<<” 符号
<< 是一个特殊的重定向运算符，被称为“here document”或者“heredoc”。这种结构允许用户指定一个定界符，然后输入一些数据，直到遇到相同的定界符结束。例如：
cat <<DELIMITER
This is line 1.
This is line 2.
DELIMITER
这将会打印：
This is line 1.
This is line 2.
深入 “cat <<EOF”
接下来，我们将探索 cat <<EOF 的结构。在这里，EOF 是一个定界符，但其实可以是任何字符串。它表示 heredoc 结构的开始和结束。该命令将会打印出 EOF 定界符之间的所有行。例如：
cat <<EOF
Hello, World!
How are you today?
EOF
将会打印：
Hello, World!
How are you today?
应用场景
cat <<EOF 在很多场景中都非常有用。例如，它可以用于生成配置文件，创建脚本，甚至用于网络编程。以下是几个例子：
生成配置文件
cat <<EOF > /etc/myconfig.conf
HOME_DIR=/home/user
LOG_DIR=/var/log/myapp
EOF
创建脚本
cat <<EOF > myscript.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, World!"
EOF
chmod +x myscript.sh
网络编程
cat <<EOF | nc localhost 1234
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
EOF
结论
cat <<EOF 是一种强大而灵活的工具，它可以帮助我们方便地处理多行文本。通过熟练地使用它，我们可以简化很多日常任务，并提高生产力。
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