命令模式定义:将请求,命令,动作等封装成对象,这样可以让项目使用这些对象来参数化其他对象。是的命令的请求者和执行者解耦。
以下是一个遥控器的例子,如果按照传统OO思想,我们一般会直接让遥控器去调用硬件提供的API,但是这种写法,会导致遥控器与特定的硬件API强耦合。当我们的需要接入新的设备,修改按钮所绑定硬件命令,这时候就会相当不便。我们有个准则是,原来已经测试好的代码,尽量不去改动。而使用命令模式就可以达到这个效果。将命令抽象成接口,所有硬件命令实现该接口,当需要调用某个硬件api,就直接调用接口的api,这样就可以实现控制器与硬件的解耦。
代码示例如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
//命令接口
public
interface
Command {
//执行命令
public
void
execute();
//回退命令
public
void
undo();
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
public
class
LightOffCommand
implements
Command {
private
String name;
public
LightOffCommand(String name) {
super
();
this
.name = name;
}
@Override
public
void
execute() {
System.out.println(
"关闭--"
+name+
"--的灯"
);
}
@Override
public
void
undo() {
System.out.println(
"打开--"
+name+
"--的灯"
);
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
public
class
LightOnCommand
implements
Command {
private
String name;
public
LightOnCommand(String name) {
super
();
this
.name = name;
}
@Override
public
void
execute() {
System.out.println(
"打开--"
+name+
"--的灯"
);
}
@Override
public
void
undo() {
System.out.println(
"关闭--"
+name+
"--的灯"
);
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
//空命令类的作用是,防止初始化的按钮,没有绑定导致空指针异常
public
class
NoCommand
implements
Command {
@Override
public
void
execute() {
System.out.println(
"没有绑定任何电器,所以无反应"
);
}
@Override
public
void
undo() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
|
控制器类:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
|
//遥控器App对象
public
class
TeleController {
private
NoCommand noCommand =
new
NoCommand();
//初始遥控器只有三对命令
private
List<Command> leftButtonList;
private
List<Command> rightButtonList;
//遥控器操作记录
private
Stack<Command> records =
new
Stack<Command>();
public
TeleController(){
leftButtonList =
new
ArrayList<Command>(
3
);
rightButtonList =
new
ArrayList<Command>(
3
);
leftButtonList.add(noCommand);
leftButtonList.add(noCommand);
leftButtonList.add(noCommand);
rightButtonList.add(noCommand);
rightButtonList.add(noCommand);
rightButtonList.add(noCommand);
}
public
void
clickButton(
int
index,
boolean
left){
if
(left){
leftButtonList.get(index).execute();
records.push(leftButtonList.get(index));
}
else
{
rightButtonList.get(index).execute();
records.push(rightButtonList.get(index));
}
}
public
void
backButton(){
if
(!records.isEmpty()){
records.pop().undo();
}
else
{
System.out.println(
"已无更多操作记录,回退失败"
);
}
}
public
void
setCommand(
int
index,
boolean
left, Command command){
if
(left){
leftButtonList.set(index, command);
}
else
{
rightButtonList.set(index, command);
}
}
public
void
addButton(
boolean
left){
if
(left){
leftButtonList.add(noCommand);
}
else
{
rightButtonList.add(noCommand);
}
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
//扫地机器人---逻辑相同,可跳过该代码
public
class
RoombaOnCommand
implements
Command {
@Override
public
void
execute() {
System.out.println(
"扫地机器人--开始--打扫"
);
}
@Override
public
void
undo() {
System.out.println(
"扫地机器人--停止--打扫"
);
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
public
class
RoombaOffCommand
implements
Command {
@Override
public
void
execute() {
System.out.println(
"扫地机器人--停止--打扫"
);
}
@Override
public
void
undo() {
System.out.println(
"扫地机器人--开始--打扫"
);
}
}
|
主测试函数:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
|
public
class
Main {
private
static
final
boolean
leftButton =
true
;
private
static
final
boolean
rightButton =
false
;
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
TeleController teleController =
new
TeleController();
teleController.clickButton(
0
, leftButton);
System.out.println(
"左边第一栏按钮绑定卧室灯【开启】命令"
);
teleController.setCommand(
0
, leftButton,
new
LightOnCommand(
"卧室灯"
));
System.out.println(
"右边第一栏按钮绑定卧室灯【关闭】命令"
);
teleController.setCommand(
0
, rightButton,
new
LightOffCommand(
"卧室灯"
));
System.out.println(
"左边第二栏按钮绑定打扫机器人【开启】命令"
);
teleController.setCommand(
1
, leftButton,
new
RoombaOnCommand());
System.out.println(
"右边第二栏按钮绑定打扫机器人【关闭】命令"
);
teleController.setCommand(
1
, rightButton,
new
RoombaOffCommand());
System.out.println(
"按下左边第一个按钮"
);
teleController.clickButton(
0
, leftButton);
System.out.println(
"按下左边第二个按钮"
);
teleController.clickButton(
1
, leftButton);
System.out.println(
"按下回退按钮"
);
teleController.backButton();
System.out.println(
"再按下回退按钮"
);
teleController.backButton();
System.out.println(
"再按下回退按钮"
);
teleController.backButton();
}
}
|