在spring中使用JdbcTemplate操作数据库的几种方式

转载自：https://blog.csdn.net/L_GRAND_ORDER/article/details/107449883

使用JdbcTemplate的步骤

1. 设置spring-jdbc和spring-tx的坐标（也就是导入依赖）

	   <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.springframework<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>spring-tx<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>5.2.7.RELEASE<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

2. 创建数据表和实体类
   创建数据表的过程省略
   创建实体类Account

package com.jdbcTemplate.bean;

public class Account {
private String name;
private Double money;

<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> Double <span class="token function">getMoney</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> money<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setMoney</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Double money<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>money <span class="token operator">=</span> money<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"Account{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
            <span class="token string">"name='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
            <span class="token string">", money="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> money <span class="token operator">+</span>
            <span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

3. 创建数据源、JdbcTemplate对象
4. 执行数据库操作

实现3、4步的方法提供以下三种

方法一：代码中直接配置数据源和数据对象

创建JdbcTemplate对象+执行jdbc语句

        //创建数据源对象
        DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/think");
        ds.setUsername("root");
        ds.setPassword("");
        //创建jdbcTemplate对象
        JdbcTemplate jt = new JdbcTemplate();
        //执行操作（插入操作）
        jt.setDataSource(ds);
        jt.execute("insert into account(name,money)value('EVA',50000)");

方法二：在resources目录下配置xx.xml文件，对数据源、JdbcTemplate进行注入

• 配置xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--        //配置数据源-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/think"/>
            <property name="username" value="root"/>
            <property name="password" value=""/>
        </bean>
<!--    //配置jdbcTemplate-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>

• 使用配置操作数据库
  编写test类测试

 //二、使用配置操作数据库
        //1、获取容器
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans5.xml");
        //2、获取对象
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate",JdbcTemplate.class);
        //、执行操作
//        jt.execute("insert into account(name,money)value ('Alice',2000)");
        //保存
       //jt.update("insert into account(name,money)value (?,?)","Eden",100);
        //更新
       // jt.update("update account set money=?,name=? where name=?",1000,"Kiroto","Eden");
        //删除
        //jt.update("delete from account where name =? and money =?","Kiroto",1000);
        //查找
        List<Account> list = jt.query("select * from account where name =?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),"Eden");
        System.out.println(list.isEmpty()?"没有查找结果":list.get(0));

方法三：使用接口实现

• 创建template接口和templateDAO接口实现类
  接口

package com.jdbcTemplate.test;

import com.jdbcTemplate.bean.Account;

public interface Template {

Account <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

接口实现类

package com.jdbcTemplate.test;

import com.jdbcTemplate.bean.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.util.List;

public class TemplateDAO implements Template {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setJdbcTemplate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>jdbcTemplate <span class="token operator">=</span> jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> Account <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//查找</span>
    List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> list <span class="token operator">=</span> jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">query</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from account where name=?"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">BeanPropertyRowMapper</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span>null<span class="token operator">:</span>list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//更新</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"update account set money=? where name=?"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMoney</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//删除</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"delete from account where name =?"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Account account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//添加</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> jdbcTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"insert into account(name ,money)value (?,?)"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMoney</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

• 在测试之前，因为多了一个接口实现类，除了数据源和jdbcTemplate之外，应当在xml配置文件中多配置一个TemplateDAO

<!--    配置账户的持久层-->
    <bean id="templateDAO" class="com.jdbcTemplate.test.TemplateDAO">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>

 
 

• 编写测试类进行测试

import com.jdbcTemplate.bean.Account;
import com.jdbcTemplate.test.Template;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class mytest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“beans6.xml”);
Template tp = ac.getBean(“templateDAO”,Template.class);//注意对比方法二的不同
Account account = tp.find(“Lily”);
System.out.println(account.toString());

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}