本文详细介绍了jQuery的核心概念，包括jQuery简介、选择器和筛选器的使用、元素的操作（属性、CSS和文档处理）、事件处理、动画效果以及文件上传的三种方法。jQuery是一个高效、易用的JavaScript库，简化了DOM操作，提供了丰富的API和插件支持。
前端开发之jQuery
一、jquery简介
1. jquery是什么？
- jQuery由美国人John Resig创建，至今已吸引了来自世界各地的众多 javascript高手加入其team。
- jQuery是继prototype之后又一个优秀的Javascript框架。其宗旨是——WRITE LESS,DO MORE,写更少的代码,做更多的事情。
- 它是轻量级的js库(压缩后只有21k) ，这是其它的js库所不及的，它兼容CSS3，还兼容各种浏览器 （IE 6.0+, FF 1.5+, Safari 2.0+, Opera 9.0+）。
- jQuery是一个快速的，简洁的javaScript库，使用户能更方便地处理HTML documents、events、实现动画效果，并且方便地为网站提供AJAX交互。
- jQuery还有一个比较大的优势是，它的文档说明很全，而且各种应用也说得很详细，同时还有许多成熟的插件可供选择。
- jQuery能够使用户的html页保持代码和html内容分离，也就是说，不用再在html里面插入一堆js来调用命令了，只需定义id即可。
2. 什么是jQuery对象？
-
jQuery 对象就是通过jQuery包装DOM对象后产生的对象。
-
jQuery 对象是 jQuery 独有的. 如果一个对象是 jQuery 对象, 那么它就可以使用 jQuery 里的方法: $(“#test”).html(); 比如：$("#test").html() 意思是指：获取ID为test的元素内的html代码。其中html()是jQuery里的方法，这段代码等同于用DOM实现代码： document.getElementById(" test ").innerHTML;
-
虽然jQuery对象是包装DOM对象后产生的，但是jQuery无法使用DOM对象的任何方法，同理DOM对象也不能使用jQuery里的方法.乱使用会报错。约定：如果获取的是 jQuery 对象, 那么要在变量前面加上$。
var $variable = jQuery 对象
var variable = DOM 对象 -
基本语法：$(selector).action()
二、寻找元素(重要的选择器和筛选器)
1. 选择器
- 基本选择器 $("*") $("#id") $(".class") $(“element”) $(".class,p,div")
- 层级选择器 $(".outer div") $(".outer>div") $(".outer+div") $(".outer~div")
- 基本筛选器 $(“li:first”) $(“li:eq(2)”) $(“li:even”) $(“li:gt(1)”)
- 属性选择器 $(’[id=“div1”]’) $(’["alex=“sb”][id]’)
- 表单选择器 $("[type=‘text’]")----->$(":text") 注意只适用于input标签
$(“input:checked”)
2. 筛选器
-
过滤筛选器
$(“li”).eq(2) $(“li”).first() $(“ul li”).hasclass(“test”)
-
查找筛选器
$(“div”).children(".test") $(“div”).find(".test")
$(".test").next() $(".test").nextAll() $(".test").nextUntil()
$(“div”).prev() $(“div”).prevAll() $(“div”).prevUntil()
$(".test").parent() $(".test").parents() $(".test").parentUntil()
$(“div”).siblings()
实例：左侧菜单
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>left_menu</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
function show(self){
// console.log($(self).text())
$(self).next().removeClass("hide")
$(self).parent().siblings().children(".con").addClass("hide")
}
</script>
<style>
.menu{
height: 500px;
width: 30%;
background-color: gainsboro;
float: left;
}
.content{
height: 500px;
width: 70%;
background-color: rebeccapurple;
float: left;
}
.title{
line-height: 50px;
background-color: #425a66;
color: forestgreen;}
.hide{
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="outer">
<div class="menu">
<div class="item">
<div class="title" onclick="show(this);">菜单一</div>
<div class="con">
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="title" onclick="show(this);">菜单二</div>
<div class="con hide">
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="title" onclick="show(this);">菜单三</div>
<div class="con hide">
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
<div>111</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
实例：tab切换
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>tab</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
function tab(self){
var index=$(self).attr("xxx")
$("#"+index).removeClass("hide").siblings().addClass("hide")
$(self).addClass("current").siblings().removeClass("current")
}
</script>
<style>
*{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
.tab_outer{
margin: 0px auto;
width: 60%;
}
.menu{
background-color: #cccccc;
/*border: 1px solid red;*/
line-height: 40px;
}
.menu li{
display: inline-block;
}
.menu a{
border-right: 1px solid red;
padding: 11px;
}
.content{
background-color: tan;
border: 1px solid green;
height: 300px;
}
.hide{
display: none;
}
.current{
background-color: darkgray;
color: yellow;
border-top: solid 2px rebeccapurple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="tab_outer">
<ul class="menu">
<li xxx="c1" class="current" onclick="tab(this);">菜单一</li>
<li xxx="c2" onclick="tab(this);">菜单二</li>
<li xxx="c3" onclick="tab(this);">菜单三</li>
</ul>
<div class="content">
<div id="c1">内容一</div>
<div id="c2" class="hide">内容二</div>
<div id="c3" class="hide">内容三</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
三、操作元素(属性 CSS 和 文档处理)
1. 属性操作
- $(“p”).text() $(“p”).html() $(":checkbox").val()
- $(".test").attr(“alex”) $(".test").attr(“alex”,“sb”)
- $(".test").attr(“checked”,“checked”) $(":checkbox").removeAttr(“checked”)
- $(".test").prop(“checked”,true)
- $(".test").addClass(“hide”)
实例：编辑框正反选
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
function selectall(){
$("table :checkbox").prop("checked",true)
}
function che(){
$("table :checkbox").prop("checked",false)
}
function reverse(){
// var idlist=$("table :checkbox")
// for(var i=0;i<idlist.length;i++){
// var element=idlist[i];
// var ischecked=$(element).prop("checked")
// if (ischecked){
// $(element).prop("checked",false)
// }
// else {
// $(element).prop("checked",true)
// }
// }
$("table :checkbox").each(function(){
if ($(this).prop("checked")){
$(this).prop("checked",false)
}
else {
$(this).prop("checked",true)
}
});
// li=[10,20,30,40]
dic={name:"yuan",sex:"male"}
// $.each(li,function(i,x){
// console.log(i,x)
// })
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="selectall();">全选</button>
<button onclick="che();">取消</button>
<button onclick="reverse();">反选</button>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox"></td>
<td>111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox"></td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox"></td>
<td>333</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox"></td>
<td>444</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
实例：模态对话框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>批量编辑</title>
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/mycss.css" />-->
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
body {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-weight: 300;
line-height: 1.42em;
color:rebeccapurple;
background-color:goldenrod;
}
h1 {
font-size:3em;
font-weight: 300;
line-height:1em;
text-align: center;
color: #4DC3FA;
}
.blue {
color: #185875;
}
.yellow {
color: #FFF842;
}
/*!*弹出层罩子*!*/
#full {
background-color:gray;
left:0;
opacity:0.7;
position:absolute;
top:0;
filter:alpha(opacity=30);
}
.modified {
background-color: #1F2739;
border:3px solid whitesmoke;
height:400px;
left:50%;
margin:-200px 0 0 -200px;
padding:1px;
position:fixed;
/*position:absolute;*/
top:50%;
width:400px;
display:none;
}
li {
list-style: none;
margin: 20px 0 0 50px;
color: #FB667A;
}
input[type="text"] {
padding: 10px;
border: solid 1px #dcdcdc;
/*transition: box-shadow 3s, border 3s;*/
}
.iputbutton {
margin: 60px 0 0 50px;
color: whitesmoke;
background-color: #FB667A;
height: 30px;
width: 100px;
border: 1px dashed;
}
.container th h1 {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1em;
text-align: left;
color: #185875;
}
.container td {
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 1em;
}
.container {
width: 80%;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.container td, .container th {
padding-bottom: 2%;
padding-top: 2%;
padding-left:2%;
}
/*单数行*/
.container tr:first-child {
background-color: red;
}
/*偶数行*/
.container tr:not(first-child){
background-color: cyan;
}
.container th {
background-color: #1F2739;
}
.container td:last-child {
color: #FB667A;
}
/*鼠标进过行*/
.container tr:hover {
background-color: #464A52;
}
/*鼠标进过列*/
.container td:hover {
background-color: #FB667A;
color: #403E10;
font-weight: bold;
transform: translate3d(5px, -5px, 0);
}
</style>
<script src="jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
//点击【编辑】显示
$(function () {
$("table[name=host] tr:gt(0) td:last-child").click(function (event) {
alert("234");
// $("#full").css({height:"100%",width:"100%"});
$(".modified").data('current-edit-obj', $(this));
$(".modified,#full").show();
var hostname = $(this).siblings("td[name=hostname]").text();
$(".modified #hostname").val(hostname);
var ip = $(this).siblings("td[name=ip]").text();
$(".modified #ip").val(ip);
var port = $(this).siblings("td[name=port]").text();
$(".modified #port").val(port);
});
//取消编辑
$(".modified #cancel").bind("click", function () {
$(".modified,#full").hide();
});
// 确定修改
$(".modified #ok").bind("click", function (event) {
var check_status = true;
var ths = $(".modified").data('current-edit-obj');
var hostname = $(".modified #hostname").val().trim();
var ip = $(".modified #ip").val().trim();
var port = $(".modified #port").val().trim();
var port = parseInt(port);
console.log(port);
// 端口为空设置为22
if (isNaN(port)) {
alert("您没有设置正常的SSH端口号，将采用默认22号端口");
var port = 22;
}else if ( port > 65535) {
// 如果端口不是一个数字 或者端口大于65535
var check_status = false;
$(".modified #port").css("border-color","red");
alert("端口号超过范围!")
};
// 主机和ip不能是空
if ( hostname == ""){
var check_status = false;
$(".modified #hostname").css("border-color","red");
}else if (ip == "") {
var check_status = false;
$(".modified #ip").css("border-color","red");
};
if (check_status == false){
return false;
}else{
//$(this).css("height","60px") 为什么不用$(this),而用$()
$(ths).siblings("td[name=hostname]").text(hostname);
$(ths).siblings("td[name=ip]").text(ip);
$(ths).siblings("td[name=port]").text(port);
$(".modified,#full").hide();
};
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
<span class="blue"><</span>Homework1<span class="blue">></span> <span class="yellow">HostList</span>
</h1>
<div id="full">
<div class="modified">
<li>主机名：<input id="hostname" type="text" value="" />*</li>
<li>ip地址：<input id="ip" type="text" value="" />*</li>
<li>端口号：<input id="port" type="text" value="" />[0-65535]</li>
<div id="useraction">
<input class="iputbutton" type="button" name="确定" id="ok" value="确定"/>
<input class="iputbutton" type="button" name="取消" id="cancel" value="取消"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table class="container" name="host">
<tr>
<th><h1>主机名</h1></th>
<th><h1>IP地址</h1></th>
<th><h1>端口</h1></th>
<th><h1>操作</h1></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td name="hostname">web01</td>
<td name="ip">192.168.2.1</td>
<td name="port">22</td>
<td>编辑 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td name="hostname">web02</td>
<td name="ip">192.168.2.2</td>
<td name="port">223</td>
<td>编辑 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td name="hostname">web03</td>
<td name="ip">192.168.2.3</td>
<td name="port">232</td>
<td>编辑 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td name="hostname">web04</td>
<td name="ip">192.168.2.4</td>
<td name="port">232</td>
<td>编辑 </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
实例：从数据库存取数据实现左右移动
涉及DOM对象和jQuery对象的互相转换：
############### views ##################
def edit_teacher(request,nid):
# 获取当前老师信息
# 获取当前老师对应的所有班级
# - 获取所有的班级
# - 获取当前老师未对应的所有班级
if request.method == "GET":
# 当前老师的信息
obj = models.Teacher.objects.get(id=nid)
# 获取当前老师已经管理的所有班级
# [ (1,"root1"),(2,"root2"),(3,"root3"),]
obj_cls_list = obj.cls.all().values_list('id', 'caption')
# 已经管理的班级的ID列表
# zip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的对象
# 利用 * 号操作符，可以将元组解压为列表
# >> > a = [1, 2, 3]
# >> > b = [4, 5, 6]
# >> > zipped = zip(a, b) # 返回一个对象
# >> > list(zipped) # list() 转换为列表
# [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
# >> > a1, a2 = zip(*zip(a, b)) # 与 zip 相反，zip(*) 可理解为解压，返回二维矩阵式
# >> > list(a1)
# [1, 2, 3]
# >> > list(a2)
# [4, 5, 6]
id_list = list(zip(*obj_cls_list))[0] if obj_cls_list else []
# # [1,2,3]
# 获取未管理的班级，
# cls_list = models.Classes.objects.filter(id__in=id_list)
cls_list = models.Classes.objects.exclude(id__in=id_list)
# # 1
return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'obj': obj,
'obj_cls_list': obj_cls_list,
"cls_list": cls_list,
"id_list": id_list
})
elif request.method == "POST":
# nid = request.POST.get('nid')
name = request.POST.get('name')
cls_li = request.POST.getlist('cls')
obj = models.Teacher.objects.get(id=nid)
obj.name = name
obj.save()
obj.cls.set(cls_li)
return redirect('/teacher.html')
################## edit_teacher.html ###################
{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block css %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>编辑老师</h1>
<form action="/edit_teacher-{{ obj.id }}.html" method="POST">
<input style="display: none" type="text" id="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}" />
<p>
老师姓名：<input name="name" type="text" value="{{ obj.name }}" />
</p>
<p>
已管理班级
<select id="sel" name="cls" multiple>
{% for row in obj_cls_list %}
<option value="{{ row.0 }}">{{ row.1 }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
未管理班级：
<select id="none" multiple>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<div>
<a id="removeCls"> >> </a>
<a id="addCls"> << </a>
</div>
<input id="submit_form" type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script>
$(function () {
$('#menu_teacher').addClass('active');
bindRemoveCls();
bindAddCls();
bindSubmitForm();
});
function bindSubmitForm(){
$('#submit_form').click(function () {
// 让select中全选中
$('#sel').children().each(function () {
$(this).prop('selected', true);
})
})
}
function bindRemoveCls() {
$('#removeCls').click(function () {
{#DOM对象的selectedOptions可以把所有选中的option拿到#}
var options = $('#sel')[0].selectedOptions;
while(options.length>0){
$(options[0]).appendTo('#none');
}
})
}
function bindAddCls() {
$('#addCls').click(function () {
var options = $('#none')[0].selectedOptions;
while(options.length>0){
$(options[0]).appendTo('#sel');
}
})
}
</script>
{% endblock %}
2. CSS操作
- (样式) css("{color:‘red’,backgroud:‘blue’}")
- (位置) offset() position() scrollTop() scrollLeft()
- (尺寸) height() width()
实例：返回顶部
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
window.onscroll=function(){
var current=$(window).scrollTop();
console.log(current)
if (current>100){
$(".returnTop").removeClass("hide")
}
else {
$(".returnTop").addClass("hide")
}
}
function returnTop(){
// $(".div1").scrollTop(0);
$(window).scrollTop(0)
}
</script>
<style>
body{
margin: 0px;
}
.returnTop{
height: 60px;
width: 100px;
background-color: darkgray;
position: fixed;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
color: greenyellow;
line-height: 60px;
text-align: center;
}
.div1{
background-color: orchid;
font-size: 5px;
overflow: auto;
width: 500px;
}
.div2{
background-color: darkcyan;
}
.div3{
background-color: aqua;
}
.div{
height: 300px;
}
.hide{
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="div1 div">
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
<p>hello</p>
</div>
<div class="div2 div"></div>
<div class="div3 div"></div>
<div class="returnTop hide" onclick="returnTop();">返回顶部</div>
</body>
</html>
实例：滚动菜单
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0px;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.clearfix:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.wrap{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.pg-header{
background-color: #303a40;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.pg-header .logo{
float: left;
padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
}
.pg-header .logo img{
vertical-align: middle;
width: 110px;
height: 40px;
}
.pg-header .nav{
line-height: 50px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li{
float: left;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a{
display: block;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0 20px;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body{
}
.pg-body .catalog{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 200px;
background-color: #fafafa;
bottom: 0px;
}
.pg-body .catalog.fixed{
position: fixed;
top:10px;
}
.pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body .content{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 700px;
margin-left: 210px;
background-color: #fafafa;
overflow: auto;
}
.pg-body .content .section{
height: 500px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="wrap clearfix">
<div class="logo">
<a href="#">
<img src="images/3.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">首页</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能一</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能二</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="catalog">
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div menu="function1" class="section">
<h1>第一章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function2" class="section">
<h1>第二章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function3" class="section">
<h1>第三章</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onscroll=function(){
var ws=$(window).scrollTop()
if (ws>50){
$(".catalog").addClass("fixed")
}
else {
$(".catalog").removeClass("fixed")
}
$(".content").children("").each(function(){
var offtop=$(this).offset().top;
// console.log(offtop)
var total=$(this).height()+offtop;
if (ws>offtop && ws<total){ if($(window).height()+$(window).scrollTop()==$(document).height()){
var index=$(".catalog").children(" :last").css("fontSize","40px").siblings().css("fontSize","12px")
console.log(index)
target='div[auto-to="'+index+'"]';
$(".catalog").children(target).css("fontSize","40px").siblings().css("fontSize","12px")
}
else{
var index=$(this).attr("menu");
target='div[auto-to="'+index+'"]'; $(".catalog").children(target).css("fontSize","40px").siblings().css("fontSize","12px")
}
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
3. 文档处理
- 内部插入 $("#c1").append(“hello”) $(“p”).appendTo(“div”)
prepend() prependTo() - 外部插入 before() insertBefore() after insertAfter()
replaceWith() remove() empty() clone()
实例：clone方法的应用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="outer">
<div class="condition">
<div class="icons" style="display:inline-block">
<a onclick="add(this);"><button>+</button></a>
</div>
<div class="input" style="display:inline-block">
<input type="checkbox">
<input type="text" value="alex">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
function add(self){
var $duplicate = $(self).parent().parent().clone(); $duplicate.find('a[οnclick="add(this);"]').attr('onclick',"removed(this)").children("").text("-");
$duplicate.appendTo($(self).parent().parent().parent());
}
function removed(self){
$(self).parent().parent().remove()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
4. 事件
- 4.1
$(document).ready(function(){}) -----------> $(function(){}) - 4.2
$(“p”).click(function(){})
$(“p”).bind(“click”,function(){})
$(“ul”).delegate(“li”,“click”,function(){})
实例：拖动面板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="border: 1px solid #ddd;width: 600px;position: absolute;">
<div id="title" style="background-color: black;height: 40px;color: white;">
标题
</div>
<div style="height: 300px;">
内容
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
$(function(){
// 页面加载完成之后自动执行
$('#title').mouseover(function(){
$(this).css('cursor','move');
}).mousedown(function(e){
//console.log($(this).offset());
var _event = e || window.event;
// 原始鼠标横纵坐标位置
var ord_x = _event.clientX;
var ord_y = _event.clientY;
var parent_left = $(this).parent().offset().left;
var parent_top = $(this).parent().offset().top;
$(this).bind('mousemove', function(e){
var _new_event = e || window.event;
var new_x = _new_event.clientX;
var new_y = _new_event.clientY;
var x = parent_left + (new_x - ord_x);
var y = parent_top + (new_y - ord_y);
$(this).parent().css('left',x+'px');
$(this).parent().css('top',y+'px');
})
}).mouseup(function(){
$(this).unbind('mousemove');
});
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
实例：放大镜
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>bigger</title>
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding:0;
}
.outer{
height: 350px;
width: 350px;
border: dashed 5px cornflowerblue;
}
.outer .small_box{
position: relative;
}
.outer .small_box .float{
height: 175px;
width: 175px;
background-color: darkgray;
opacity: 0.4;
fill-opacity: 0.4;
position: absolute;
display: none;
}
.outer .big_box{
height: 400px;
width: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
position:absolute;
left: 360px;
top: 0px;
z-index: 1;
border: 5px solid rebeccapurple;
display: none;
}
.outer .big_box img{
position: absolute;
z-index: 5;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="outer">
<div class="small_box">
<div class="float"></div>
<img src="small.jpg">
</div>
<div class="big_box">
<img src="big.jpg">
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
$(function(){
$(".small_box").mouseover(function(){
$(".float").css("display","block");
$(".big_box").css("display","block")
})
$(".small_box").mouseout(function(){
$(".float").css("display","none");
$(".big_box").css("display","none")
})
$(".small_box").mousemove(function(e){
var _event=e || window.event;
var float_width=$(".float").width();
var float_height=$(".float").height();
console.log(float_height,float_width);
var float_height_half=float_height/2;
var float_width_half=float_width/2;
console.log(float_height_half,float_width_half);
var small_box_width=$(".small_box").height();
var small_box_height=$(".small_box").width();
// 鼠标点距离左边界的长度与float应该与左边界的距离差半个float的width,height同理
var mouse_left=_event.clientX-float_width_half;
var mouse_top=_event.clientY-float_height_half;
if(mouse_left<0){
mouse_left=0
}else if (mouse_left>small_box_width-float_width){
mouse_left=small_box_width-float_width
}
if(mouse_top<0){
mouse_top=0
}else if (mouse_top>small_box_height-float_height){
mouse_top=small_box_height-float_height
}
$(".float").css("left",mouse_left+"px");
$(".float").css("top",mouse_top+"px")
var percentX=($(".big_box img").width()-$(".big_box").width())/ (small_box_width-float_width);
var percentY=($(".big_box img").height()-$(".big_box").height())/(small_box_height-float_height);
console.log(percentX,percentY)
$(".big_box img").css("left", -percentX*mouse_left+"px")
$(".big_box img").css("top", -percentY*mouse_top+"px")
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
5. 动画效果
实例：隐藏与显示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
/**
* Created by yuan on 16/5/5.
*/
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#hide").click(function(){
$("p").hide(1000);
});
$("#show").click(function(){
$("p").show(1000);
});
//用于切换被选元素的 hide() 与 show() 方法。
$("#toggle").click(function(){
$("p").toggle();
})
for (var i= 0;i<7;i++){
// 颠倒了常规的$(A).append(B)的操作，即不是把B追加到A中，而是把A追加到B中。
$("<div>").appendTo(document.body);
}
$("div").click(function(){
$(this).hide(2000);
});
});
</script>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<!--1 隐藏与显示-->
<!--2 淡入淡出-->
<!--3 滑动-->
<!--4 效果-回调:每一个动画执行完毕之后所能执行的函数方法或者所能做的一件事-->
<p>hello</p>
<button id="hide">隐藏</button>
<button id="show">显示</button>
<button id="toggle">隐藏/显示</button>
</body>
</html>
实例：淡入淡出
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#in").click(function(){
$("#id1").fadeIn(1000);
$("#id2").fadeIn(1000);
$("#id3").fadeIn(1000);
});
$("#out").click(function(){
$("#id1").fadeOut(1000);
$("#id2").fadeOut(1000);
$("#id3").fadeOut(1000);
});
$("#toggle").click(function(){
$("#id1").fadeToggle(1000);
$("#id2").fadeToggle(1000);
$("#id3").fadeToggle(1000);
});
$("#fadeto").click(function(){
$("#id1").fadeTo(1000,0.4);
$("#id2").fadeTo(1000,0.5);
$("#id3").fadeTo(1000,0);
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="in">fadein</button>
<button id="out">fadeout</button>
<button id="toggle">fadetoggle</button>
<button id="fadeto">fadeto</button>
<div id="id1" style="display:none; width: 80px;height: 80px;background-color: blueviolet"></div>
<div id="id2" style="display:none; width: 80px;height: 80px;background-color: orangered "></div>
<div id="id3" style="display:none; width: 80px;height: 80px;background-color: darkgreen "></div>
</body>
</html>
实例：滑动
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#flipshow").click(function(){
$("#content").slideDown(1000);
});
$("#fliphide").click(function(){
$("#content").slideUp(1000);
});
$("#toggle").click(function(){
$("#content").slideToggle(1000);
})
});
</script>
<style>
#flipshow,#content,#fliphide,#toggle{
padding: 5px;
text-align: center;
background-color: blueviolet;
border:solid 1px red;
}
#content{
padding: 50px;
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="flipshow">出现</div>
<div id="fliphide">隐藏</div>
<div id="toggle">toggle</div>
<div id="content">helloworld</div>
</body>
</html>
实例：回调函数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("button").click(function(){
$("p").hide(1000,function(){
alert('动画结束')
})
// $("p").css('color','red').slideUp(1000).slideDown(2000)
})
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button>隐藏</button>
<p>helloworld helloworld helloworld</p>
</body>
</html>
6. 扩展(插件机制)
- jquery.extend({})
- jquery.fn.extend({})
实例：商城菜单
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=8">
<title>购物商城</title>
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.hide{
display:none;
}
.header-nav {
height: 39px;
background: #c9033b;
}
.header-nav .bg{
background: #c9033b;
}
.header-nav .nav-allgoods .menuEvent {
display: block;
height: 39px;
line-height: 39px;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
font-family: 微软雅黑;
color: #fff;
width: 100px;
}
.header-nav .nav-allgoods .menuEvent .catName {
height: 39px;
line-height: 39px;
font-size: 15px;
}
.header-nav .nav-allmenu a {
display: inline-block;
height: 39px;
vertical-align: top;
padding: 0 15px;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
float: left;
}
.header-menu a{
color:#656565;
}
.header-menu .menu-catagory{
position: absolute;
background-color: #fff;
border-left:1px solid #fff;
height: 316px;
width: 230px;
z-index: 4;
float: left;
}
.header-menu .menu-catagory .catagory {
border-left:4px solid #fff;
height: 104px;
border-bottom: solid 1px #eaeaea;
}
.header-menu .menu-catagory .catagory:hover {
height: 102px;
border-left:4px solid #c9033b;
border-bottom: solid 1px #bcbcbc;
border-top: solid 1px #bcbcbc;
}
.header-menu .menu-content .item{
margin-left:230px;
position:absolute;
background-color:white;
height:314px;
width:500px;
z-index:4;
float:left;
border: solid 1px #bcbcbc;
border-left:0;
box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #999;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="header-nav">
<div class="container narrow bg">
<div class="nav-allgoods left">
<a id="all_menu_catagory" href="#" class="menuEvent">
<strong class="catName">全部商品分类</strong>
<span class="arrow" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;"></span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu">
<div class="container narrow hide">
<div id="nav_all_menu" class="menu-catagory">
<div class="catagory" float-content="one">
<div class="title">家电</div>
<div class="body">
<a href="#">空调</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="catagory" float-content="two">
<div class="title">床上用品</div>
<div class="body">
<a href="http://www.baidu.com">床单</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="catagory" float-content="three">
<div class="title">水果</div>
<div class="body">
<a href="#">橘子</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="nav_all_content" class="menu-content">
<div class="item hide" float-id="one">
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="勺子">勺子</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="菜刀">菜刀</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#">菜板</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="碗">碗</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="item hide" float-id="two">
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="">角阀</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="角阀">角阀</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="角阀">角阀</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="item hide" float-id="three">
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品3</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="#" target="_blank" title="角阀">角阀3</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#" class="red">厨房用品3</a></dt>
<dd>
<span>| <a href="http://www.meilele.com/category-jiaofa/" target="_blank" title="角阀">角阀3</a> </span>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
Change_Menu('#all_menu_catagory','#nav_all_menu', '#nav_all_content');
});
function Change_Menu(all_menu_catagory,menu, content) {
$all_menu_catagory = $(all_menu_catagory);
$menu = $(menu);
$content = $(content);
$all_menu_catagory.bind("mouseover", function () {
$menu.parent().removeClass('hide');
});
$all_menu_catagory.bind("mouseout", function () {
$menu.parent().addClass('hide');
});
$menu.children().bind("mouseover", function () {
$menu.parent().removeClass('hide');
$item_content = $content.find('div[float-id="' + $(this).attr("float-content") + '"]');
$item_content.removeClass('hide').siblings().addClass('hide');
});
$menu.bind("mouseout", function () {
$content.children().addClass('hide');
$menu.parent().addClass('hide');
});
$content.children().bind("mouseover", function () {
$menu.parent().removeClass('hide');
$(this).removeClass('hide');
});
$content.children().bind("mouseout", function () {
$(this).addClass('hide');
$menu.parent().addClass('hide');
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
实例：编辑框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>
.edit-mode{
background-color: #b3b3b3;
padding: 8px;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
}
.editing{
background-color: #f0ad4e;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="padding: 20px">
<input type="button" onclick="CheckAll('#edit_mode', '#tb1');" value="全选" />
<input type="button" onclick="CheckReverse('#edit_mode', '#tb1');" value="反选" />
<input type="button" onclick="CheckCancel('#edit_mode', '#tb1');" value="取消" />
<a id="edit_mode" class="edit-mode" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="EditMode(this, '#tb1');">进入编辑模式</a>
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>选择</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>状态</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="tb1">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td edit="true">v1</td>
<td>v11</td>
<td edit="true" edit-type="select" sel-val="1" global-key="STATUS">在线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td edit="true">v1</td>
<td>v11</td>
<td edit="true" edit-type="select" sel-val="2" global-key="STATUS">下线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td edit="true">v1</td>
<td>v11</td>
<td edit="true" edit-type="select" sel-val="1" global-key="STATUS">在线</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-2.2.3.js"></script>
<script>
/*
监听是否已经按下control键
*/
window.globalCtrlKeyPress = false;
window.onkeydown = function(event){
if(event && event.keyCode == 17){
window.globalCtrlKeyPress = true;
}
};
window.onkeyup = function(event){
if(event && event.keyCode == 17){
window.globalCtrlKeyPress = false;
}
};
/*
按下Control，联动表格中正在编辑的select
*/
function MultiSelect(ths){
if(window.globalCtrlKeyPress){
var index = $(ths).parent().index();
var value = $(ths).val();
$(ths).parent().parent().nextAll().find("td input[type='checkbox']:checked").each(function(){ $(this).parent().parent().children().eq(index).children().val(value);
});
}
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
BindSingleCheck('#edit_mode', '#tb1');
});
function BindSingleCheck(mode, tb){
$(tb).find(':checkbox').bind('click', function(){
var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
if($(mode).hasClass('editing')){
if($(this).prop('checked')){
RowIntoEdit($tr);
}else{
RowOutEdit($tr);
}
}
});
}
function CreateSelect(attrs,csses,option_dict,item_key,item_value,current_val){
var sel= document.createElement('select');
$.each(attrs,function(k,v){
$(sel).attr(k,v);
});
$.each(csses,function(k,v){
$(sel).css(k,v);
});
$.each(option_dict,function(k,v){
var opt1=document.createElement('option');
var sel_text = v[item_value];
var sel_value = v[item_key];
if(sel_value==current_val){
$(opt1).text(sel_text).attr('value', sel_value).attr('text', sel_text).attr('selected',true).appendTo($(sel));
}else{
$(opt1).text(sel_text).attr('value', sel_value).attr('text', sel_text).appendTo($(sel));
}
});
return sel;
}
STATUS = [
{'id': 1, 'value': "在线"},
{'id': 2, 'value': "下线"}
];
BUSINESS = [
{'id': 1, 'value': "车上会"},
{'id': 2, 'value': "二手车"}
];
function RowIntoEdit($tr){
$tr.children().each(function(){
if($(this).attr('edit') == "true"){
if($(this).attr('edit-type') == "select"){
var select_val = $(this).attr('sel-val');
var global_key = $(this).attr('global-key');
var selelct_tag = CreateSelect({"onchange": "MultiSelect(this);"}, {}, window[global_key], 'id', 'value', select_val);
$(this).html(selelct_tag);
}else{
var orgin_value = $(this).text();
var temp = "<input value='"+ orgin_value+"' />";
$(this).html(temp);
}
}
});
}
function RowOutEdit($tr){
$tr.children().each(function(){
if($(this).attr('edit') == "true"){
if($(this).attr('edit-type') == "select"){
var new_val = $(this).children(':first').val();
var new_text = $(this).children(':first').find("option[value='"+new_val+"']").text();
$(this).attr('sel-val', new_val);
$(this).text(new_text);
}else{
var orgin_value = $(this).children().first().val();
$(this).text(orgin_value);
}
}
});
}
function CheckAll(mode, tb){
if($(mode).hasClass('editing')){
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
}else{
check_box.prop('checked',true);
RowIntoEdit(tr);
}
});
}else{
$(tb).find(':checkbox').prop('checked', true);
}
}
function CheckReverse(mode, tb){
if($(mode).hasClass('editing')){
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
check_box.prop('checked',false);
RowOutEdit(tr);
}else{
check_box.prop('checked',true);
RowIntoEdit(tr);
}
});
}else{
//
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
check_box.prop('checked',false);
}else{
check_box.prop('checked',true);
}
});
}
}
function CheckCancel(mode, tb){
if($(mode).hasClass('editing')){
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
check_box.prop('checked',false);
RowOutEdit(tr);
}else{
}
});
}else{
$(tb).find(':checkbox').prop('checked', false);
}
}
function EditMode(ths, tb){
if($(ths).hasClass('editing')){
$(ths).removeClass('editing');
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
RowOutEdit(tr);
}else{
}
});
}else{
$(ths).addClass('editing');
$(tb).children().each(function(){
var tr = $(this);
var check_box = tr.children().first().find(':checkbox');
if(check_box.prop('checked')){
RowIntoEdit(tr);
}else{
}
});
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
四、文件上传三种方式
1. Form表单上传文件
############### views ##################
import os
def upload(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
img_list = models.Img.objects.all()
return render(request,'upload.html',{'img_list': img_list})
elif request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
fafafa = request.POST.get('fafafa')
obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
file_path = os.path.join('static','upload',obj.name)
f = open(file_path, 'wb')
for chunk in obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
models.Img.objects.create(path=file_path)
return redirect('/upload.html')
############### upload.html ################
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{# enctype="multipart/form-data" 代表要上传文件#}
<form method="POST" action="/upload.html" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="file" name="fafafa" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
<div>
{% for item in img_list %}
<img style="height: 200px;width: 200px;" src="/{{ item.path }}" />
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
2. 基于FormData实现文件上传(XMLHttpRequest和jQuery)
############# views ##############
import os
def upload(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
img_list = models.Img.objects.all()
return render(request, 'upload_xml.html', {'img_list': img_list})
elif request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
fafafa = request.POST.get('fafafa')
obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
file_path = os.path.join('static','upload',obj.name)
f = open(file_path, 'wb')
for chunk in obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
models.Img.objects.create(path=file_path)
ret = {'status':True,'path':file_path}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
############### upload_xml.html ################
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.container img{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" id="imgs">
{% for img in img_list %}
<img src="/{{ img.path }}">
{% endfor %}
</div>
<input type="file" id="img" />
<input type="submit" value="提交xml" onclick="UploadXML()" />
<input type="submit" value="提交jq" onclick="Uploadjq()" />
<script src="/static/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
<script>
{#用XMLHttpRequest实现：#}
function UploadXML() {
var dic = new FormData();
dic.append('user','v1');
{#获取当前上传的文件对象：#}
dic.append('fafafa',document.getElementById('img').files[0]);
var xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
xml.open('post', '/upload_xml.html', true);
xml.onreadystatechange = function () {
if(xml.readyState == 4){
var obj = JSON.parse(xml.responseText);
if(obj.status){
var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = "/" + obj.path;
document.getElementById("imgs").appendChild(img);
}
}
};
xml.send(dic);
}
{#用jquery实现：#}
function Uploadjq() {
var dic = new FormData();
dic.append('user','v1');
{#获取当前上传的文件对象：#}
dic.append('fafafa',document.getElementById('img').files[0]);
$.ajax({
url: '/upload_xml.html',
type: 'POST',
data: dic,
processData: false, // 告诉jQuery不要处理这个数据
contentType: false, // 告诉jQuery不要设置这个contentType
dataType: 'JSON',
success: function(arg){
var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = "/" + arg.path;
$('#imgs').append(img);
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
3. 基于iframe和form表单伪造ajax并实现文件上传
由于低版本的浏览器不支持FormData，而前两种文件上传均依赖FormData，考虑到代码的兼容性，该方式是三种里兼容性最好的。
############## views #################
import os
def upload(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
img_list = models.Img.objects.all()
return render(request, 'upload_iframe.html', {'img_list': img_list})
elif request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
fafafa = request.POST.get('fafafa')
obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
file_path = os.path.join('static','upload',obj.name)
f = open(file_path, 'wb')
for chunk in obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
models.Img.objects.create(path=file_path)
ret = {'status':True,'path':file_path}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
############## upload_iframe.html ###############
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.container img{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" id="imgs">
{% for img in img_list %}
<img src="/{{ img.path }}">
{% endfor %}
</div>
<input type="file" id="img" />
<input type="text" id="url" />
<input type="button" value="点我" onclick="iframeChange();" />
<iframe id="ifr" src=""></iframe>
<hr/>
<form method="POST" action="/upload_iframe.html" target="iframe_1" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<iframe style="display: none" id="iframe_1" name="iframe_1" src="" onload="loadIframe();"></iframe>
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="file" name="fafafa" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
<script src="/static/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
<script>
function iframeChange() {
var url = $('#url').val();
$('#ifr').attr('src',url);
}
function loadIframe(){
// 获取iframe内部的内容：
var str_json = $('#iframe_1').contents().find('body').text();
var obj = JSON.parse(str_json);
if(obj.status){
var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = "/" + obj.path;
$('#imgs').append(img);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
==================================================================
参考文献：
https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/5663118.html
本篇涉及代码见week13 —> day49, day50
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