tomcat
1.tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
2.tomcat项目部署
2.1 java环境安装
//安装jdk环境
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*
//查看安装的版本
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_252"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_252-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.252-b09, mixed mode)
2.2 tomcat部署
上官网下载tomcat
//下载tomcat
[root@localhost src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.37/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz
//解压部署
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.37 bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.37/ tomcat
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Jul 31 17:40 apache-tomcat-9.0.37
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 31 05:36 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 src
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jul 31 17:41 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.37/
//写一个hello world的java页面
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hellow World");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@localhost ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 141 Jul 31 17:43 index.jsp
//启动tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 2480 1 6 17:43 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 2495 2128 0 17:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
在浏览器上浏览网页
3.部署多个项目
//在/usr/local下创建tomcat
[root@localhost local]# mkdir tomcat
[root@localhost local]# cd tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat
//解压tomcat安装包到/usr/local/tomcat下
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.37 /usr/local/tomcat/qq
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.37 /usr/local/tomcat/wechat
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
qq wechat
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls qq
bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls wechat/
bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work
//修改wechat的配置文件
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/conf
[root@localhost conf]# vim server.xml
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
<!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
...........
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8444" />
<!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
//分别启动qq和wechat服务
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/qq
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/qq
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/qq/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 11820 1 7 18:26 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/qq/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat/qq -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/qq -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/qq/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 11850 2128 0 18:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/wechat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/wechat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/wechat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8081 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8006 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 11820 1 1 18:26 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/qq/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat/qq -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/qq -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/qq/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 11863 1 1 18:27 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomca/wechat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 11893 1 2 18:27 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomca/wechat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/wechat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 11912 2128 0 18:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
//在配置文件中添加内容
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/qq/conf
[root@localhost conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="manager-gui"/>
[root@localhost META-INF]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/qq/webapps/manager/META-INF
[root@localhost META-INF]# vim context.xml
..........
allow="192\.168\.159\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
//重启qq服务
[root@localhost META-INF]# /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/startup.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/qq
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/qq
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/qq/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/qq/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
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