本文详细记录了在Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.5上运行Greenplum Database 5.16.0时，如何删除segment节点的过程。内容包括检查集群状态、进行数据库备份、删除节点及验证恢复等关键步骤。删除节点需按照content从大到小的顺序进行，并确保删除后的数据能被正确恢复。
环境信息：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.5 (Maipo)
Greenplum Database 5.16.0
[gpadmin@rhmdw gpadata]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.15.201 rhmdw
192.168.15.202 rhsdw1
192.168.15.203 rhsdw2
192.168.15.205 rhsdw03
192.168.15.206 rhsdw04
gp官网也未指出如何删除节点，网上有多个删除方式，针对于删除方式进行验证，在进行删除时需要注意以下两点内容：
1、删除节点的content必须是从大到小删除，如果存在单个content集群将会启动失败。
2、删除节点后必须将问题节点的内容恢复到其他节点。
测试过程删除rhsdw03和rhsdw04节点
集群状态查看：
[gpadmin@rhmdw ~]$ gpstate -m
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstate with args: -m
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 5.16.0 build commit:23cec7df0406d69d6552a4bbb77035dba4d7dd44'
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 8.3.23 (Greenplum Database 5.16.0 build commit:23cec7df0406d69d6552a4bbb77035dba4d7dd44) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 6.2.0, 64-bit compiled on Jan 16 2019 02:32:15'
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------------------------------
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Current GPDB mirror list and status
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Type = Spread
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------------------------------
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Mirror Datadir Port Status Data Status
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- rhsdw2 /gp/gpdata/mirror/gpseg0 7000 Passive Synchronized
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- rhsdw1 /gp/gpdata/mirror/gpseg1 7000 Passive Synchronized
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- rhsdw03 /gp/gpdata/mirror/gpseg2 7000 Passive Synchronized
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- rhsdw04 /gp/gpdata/mirror/gpseg3 7000 Passive Synchronized
20190418:17:58:44:025396 gpstate:rhmdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------------------------------
[gpadmin@rhmdw ~]$ psql -d postgres
psql (8.3.23)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# select * from gp_segment_configuration order by dbid;
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | replication_port
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+------+----------+---------+------------------
1 | -1 | p | p | s | u | 5432 | rhmdw | rhmdw |
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | rhsdw1 | rhsdw1 | 9000
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | rhsdw2 | rhsdw2 | 9000
4 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | rhsdw2 | rhsdw2 | 8000
5 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | rhsdw1 | rhsdw1 | 8000
6 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | rhsdw1 | rhsdw1 |
7 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | rhsdw03 | rhsdw03 | 9000
8 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | rhsdw04 | rhsdw04 | 9000
9 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | rhsdw03 | rhsdw03 | 8000
10 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | rhsdw04 | rhsdw04 | 8000
(10 rows)
数据库再做重大操作之前数据库备份是必须的。查看数据库信息，备份所有数据库：
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Access privileges
-----------+---------+----------+---------------------
gaoyc | gpadmin | UTF8 |
gpperfmon | gpadmin | UTF8 | gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
: =c/gpadmin
postgres | gpadmin | UTF8 |
template0 | gpadmin | UTF8 | =c/gpadmin
: gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
template1 | gpadmin | UTF8 | =c/gpadmin
: gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
(5 rows)
[gpadmin@rhmdw ~]$ gp_dump --gp-d=/gp/gpdata gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Read params: <empty>
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Command line options analyzed.
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Connecting to master database on host localhost port 5432 database gaoyc.
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Reading Greenplum Database configuration info from master database.
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Preparing to dump the following segments:
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Segment 3 (dbid 8)
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Segment 2 (dbid 7)
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Segment 1 (dbid 3)
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Segment 0 (dbid 2)
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Master (dbid 1)
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Starting a transaction on master database gaoyc.
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Getting a lock on pg_class in database gaoyc.
20190418:18:08:09|GetTimestampKey-[INFO]:-Timestamp key is generated as it is not provided by the user.
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-About to spin off 5 threads with timestamp key 20190418180809
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Creating thread to backup dbid 8: host rhsdw04 port 6000 database gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Creating thread to backup dbid 7: host rhsdw03 port 6000 database gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Creating thread to backup dbid 3: host rhsdw2 port 6000 database gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Creating thread to backup dbid 2: host rhsdw1 port 6000 database gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Creating thread to backup dbid 1: host rhmdw port 5432 database gaoyc
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Waiting for remote gp_dump_agent processes to start transactions in serializable isolation level
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Listening for messages from server on dbid 8 connection
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Successfully launched Greenplum Database backup on dbid 8 server
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Listening for messages from server on dbid 7 connection
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Successfully launched Greenplum Database backup on dbid 7 server
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Listening for messages from server on dbid 2 connection
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Successfully launched Greenplum Database backup on dbid 2 server
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Listening for messages from server on dbid 3 connection
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Successfully launched Greenplum Database backup on dbid 3 server
20190418:18:08:09|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Listening for messages from server on dbid 1 connection
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-backup succeeded for dbid 7 on host rhsdw03
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-Successfully launched Greenplum Database backup on dbid 1 server
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-backup succeeded for dbid 1 on host rhmdw
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-backup succeeded for dbid 2 on host rhsdw1
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-backup succeeded for dbid 8 on host rhsdw04
20190418:18:08:12|gp_dump-[INFO]:-All remote gp_dump_agent processes have began tr
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