Java 学习之 时间

1. Instant

1.1. 概念

Instant 是 java.time 包中的一个类，它表示时间线上的一个瞬时点，默认（UTC） 表示从 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z 开始的秒数和纳秒数，不受时区变化或夏令时的影响。

1.2. 获取一个实例

# 获取当前时间(默认：UTC)
Instant instant = Instant.now();
# 获取当前时间(默认：UTC)
Instant instant = Instant.now(Clock.systemUTC());

# 根据给定的秒数和纳秒调整来创建 Instant
Instant instant = Instant.ofEpochSecond(10000,1000);

# 根据给定的毫秒数（从 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z 开始）创建 Instant
Instant instant = Instant.ofEpochMilli(10000);

# 将文本字符串解析成 Instant
Instant instant = Instant.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"); 

# 根据时区时间得到 Instant 实例        
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
Instant instant = Instant.from(zonedDateTime);

1.3. Instant 转 LocalDateTime

Instant now = Instant.now();
ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai");
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = now.atZone(zoneId);
LocalDateTime localDateTime = zonedDateTime.toLocalDateTime();

1.4. LocalDateTime 转 Instant

ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai");
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2024, 12, 30, 18, 29, 50);
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = localDateTime.atZone(zoneId);
Instant instant = zonedDateTime.toInstant();

2. LocalDateTime

2.1. 概念

表示 不包含时区 信息的一个日期时间类

2.2. 获取一个实例

LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.now();

LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = LocalDateTime.now(Clock.systemUTC());

LocalDateTime localDateTime3 = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.systemDefault());

LocalDateTime localDateTime4 = LocalDateTime.of(2024, 11, 01, 21, 50, 50);

LocalDateTime localDateTime5 = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now());

LocalDateTime localDateTime6 = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(50000,50000, ZoneOffset.UTC);

LocalDateTime localDateTime7 =  LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.now(), ZoneId.systemDefault());

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime8 = LocalDateTime.from(zonedDateTime);

LocalDateTime localDateTime9 =  LocalDateTime.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z");

DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
LocalDateTime localDateTime10 =  LocalDateTime.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z", formatter);

3. LocalDate

3.1. 概念

表示 不包含时区 信息的一个日期类

3.2. 获取一个实例

LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.now();

LocalDate localDate2 = LocalDate.now(Clock.systemUTC());

LocalDate localDate3 = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.systemDefault());

LocalDate localDate4 = LocalDate.of(2024, 12, 12);

LocalDate localDate5 = LocalDate.ofYearDay(2024, 11);

LocalDate localDate6 = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(50000);

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
LocalDate localDate7 = LocalDate.from(zonedDateTime);

LocalDate localDate8 =  LocalDate.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z");

DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
LocalDate localDate9 =  LocalDate.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z", formatter);

4. LocalDate

4.1. 概念

表示 不包含时区 信息的一个时间类

4.2. 获取一个实例

LocalTime localTime1 = LocalTime.now();

LocalTime localTime2 = LocalTime.now(Clock.systemUTC());

LocalTime localTime3 = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.systemDefault());

LocalTime localTime4 = LocalTime.of(13, 40, 12);

LocalTime localTime5 = LocalTime.ofSecondOfDay(100);

LocalTime localTime6 = LocalTime.ofNanoOfDay(100);

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
LocalTime localTime7 = LocalTime.from(zonedDateTime);

LocalTime localTime8 =  LocalTime.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z");

DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
LocalTime localTime9 =  LocalTime.parse("2023-01-01T00:00:00Z", formatter);

5. DateTimeFormatter

5.1. 概念

DateTimeFormatter 类用于在日期、时间和字符串之间进行转换。

5.2. 实例化

DateTimeFormatter formatter1 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
DateTimeFormatter formatter2 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", Locale.CHINA);

DateTimeFormatter formatter3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL);
DateTimeFormatter formatter4 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM, FormatStyle.SHORT);

DateTimeFormatter formatter5 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM);
DateTimeFormatter formatter6 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedTime(FormatStyle.SHORT);