BZOJ1492 NOI2007 货币兑换Cash 【CDQ分治+DP斜率优化】*

POJ3686 The Windy’s

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Description

The Windy’s is a world famous toy factory that owns M top-class workshop to make toys. This year the manager receives N orders for toys. The manager knows that every order will take different amount of hours in different workshops. More precisely, the i-th order will take Zij hours if the toys are making in the j-th workshop. Moreover, each order’s work must be wholly completed in the same workshop. And a workshop can not switch to another order until it has finished the previous one. The switch does not cost any time.

The manager wants to minimize the average of the finishing time of the N orders. Can you help him?

Input

The first line of input is the number of test case. The first line of each test case contains two integers, N and M (1 ≤ N,M ≤ 50).
The next N lines each contain M integers, describing the matrix Zij (1 ≤ Zij ≤ 100,000) There is a blank line before each test case.

Output

For each test case output the answer on a single line. The result should be rounded to six decimal places.

Sample Input

3
3 4
100 100 100 1
99 99 99 1
98 98 98 1
3 4
1 100 100 100
99 1 99 99
98 98 1 98
3 4
1 100 100 100
1 99 99 99
98 1 98 98

Sample Output

2.000000
1.000000
1.333333

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描述一下题意，大概是给你n个物品和m台机器
然后每个物品在每个机器上加工有不同的时间，一台机器只能同时加工一个物品，一个物品只能放在一个机器上加工
想要最小化每个物品加工结束时间的和

我们发现要求的是结束时间的和，但是我们却不知道它前面的物品是什么，那么我们怎么确定时间？

假设在一台机器上运行了$a_1,a_2,a_3,......,a_i$个物品
那么结束时间和可以表示成：

$(t_{a_1})+(t_{a_1}+t_{a_2})+(t_{a_1}+t_{a_2}+t_{a_3})+......+(t_{a_1}+t_{a_2}+t_{a_3}+......+t_{a_i})$

不难化简成：

$t_{a_1}*i+t_{a_2}*(i-1)+t_{a_3}*(i-2)+......+t_{a_i}*1$

那么假如不管先后顺序的限制，我们可以将一个机器拆分成n个普通机器，处理每个物品的时间分别是1到n倍的题目时间，然后从每个物品向每个拆分后的机器连接边，流量为1，就可以保证对于每个机器，处理的物品一定占据前k个处理顺序
那么又因为对于一个机器，它拆分成的所有小机器的花费时间和就是我们要求的总时间，所以直接从每一个拆分出来的机器连到汇点就可以了

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#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define N 10010
struct Edge{
    int u,v,cap,flow,cost;
    Edge(int xu,int xv,int xcap,int xflow,int xcost){
        u=xu;v=xv;cap=xcap;flow=xflow;cost=xcost;
    }
};
struct MCMF{
    int s,t;
    int d[N],f[N],p[N];
    bool inq[N];
    vector<Edge> E;
    vector<int> G[N];
    void clear(){
        E.clear();
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++)G[i].clear();
    }
    void add(int u,int v,int cap,int cost){
        Edge w1(u,v,cap,0,cost);
        Edge w2(v,u,0,0,-cost);
        E.push_back(w1);
        E.push_back(w2);
        int m=E.size();
        G[u].push_back(m-2);
        G[v].push_back(m-1);
    }
    bool SPFA(int &flow,int &cost){
        memset(inq,0,sizeof(inq));
        memset(d,0x3f,sizeof(d));
        queue<int> Q;
        Q.push(s);
        d[s]=0;f[s]=INF;
        while(!Q.empty()){
            int u=Q.front();Q.pop();inq[u]=0;
            for(int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){
                Edge e=E[G[u][i]];
                if(e.cap>e.flow&&d[e.v]>d[u]+e.cost){
                    d[e.v]=d[u]+e.cost;
                    p[e.v]=G[u][i];
                    f[e.v]=min(f[u],e.cap-e.flow);
                    if(!inq[e.v]){
                        Q.push(e.v);
                        inq[e.v]=1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if(d[t]==INF)return false;
        flow+=f[t];cost+=f[t]*d[t];
        int u=t;
        while(u!=s){
            E[p[u]].flow+=f[t];
            E[p[u]^1].flow-=f[t];
            u=E[p[u]].u;
        }
        return true;
    }
    int Min_cost_Max_flow(){
        int flow=0,cost=0;
        while(SPFA(flow,cost));
        return cost;
    }
}mcmf;
int n,m,a[100];
int main(){
    int T;scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--){
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        mcmf.clear();
        mcmf.s=0;
        mcmf.t=n+n*m+1;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            mcmf.add(0,i,1,0);
            for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
                int p;scanf("%d",&p);
                for(int k=1;k<=n;k++)
                    mcmf.add(i,j*n+k,1,k*p);
            }
        }
        for(int i=n+1;i<=n*m+n;i++)mcmf.add(i,n*m+n+1,1,0);
        printf("%.6lf\n",mcmf.Min_cost_Max_flow()*1.0/n);
    }
    return 0;
}