Activity异常情况下的数据保存

onSaveInstanceState和onRestoreInstanceState方法前者是用来异常保存数据的，后者是用来恢复数据的，

 @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putString("test", "test");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        String test = savedInstanceState.getString("test");
        Log.e("test", test);
    }

对于Activity被意外终止时，Activity会调用onSaveInstanceState去保存数据，然后Activity会委托Window去保存数据，window再委托它上面的顶级容器去保存数据，最后顶层容器通知各自的View保存数据，这个比较类似事件分发。

protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        outState.putBundle(WINDOW_HIERARCHY_TAG, mWindow.saveHierarchyState());
        Parcelable p = mFragments.saveAllState();
        if (p != null) {
            outState.putParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG, p);
        }
        getApplication().dispatchActivitySaveInstanceState(this, outState);
    }

查看Android源码我知道，每个View都有onSaveInstanceState和onRestoreInstanceState这两个方法，
如在TextView，我们可以看到保存的信息状态，可以看出，保存了自己的文本内容和文本的选中状态

 @Override
    public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {
        Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState();

        // Save state if we are forced to
        boolean save = mFreezesText;
        int start = 0;
        int end = 0;

        if (mText != null) {
            start = getSelectionStart();
            end = getSelectionEnd();
            if (start >= 0 || end >= 0) {
                // Or save state if there is a selection
                save = true;
            }
        }

        if (save) {
            SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState);
            // XXX Should also save the current scroll position!
            ss.selStart = start;
            ss.selEnd = end;

            if (mText instanceof Spanned) {
                Spannable sp = new SpannableStringBuilder(mText);

                if (mEditor != null) {
                    removeMisspelledSpans(sp);
                    sp.removeSpan(mEditor.mSuggestionRangeSpan);
                }

                ss.text = sp;
            } else {
                ss.text = mText.toString();
            }

            if (isFocused() && start >= 0 && end >= 0) {
                ss.frozenWithFocus = true;
            }

            ss.error = getError();

            return ss;
        }

        return superState;
    }

最常见的是手机横竖屏切换导致activity异常终止，我们可以指定Activity的configChanges的属性为orientation在版本号大于13的时候需要添加另一个screenSize来保证Activity在切换的时候不被销毁。