欧拉函数的经典公式

证明N=$\sum_{d|N}φ(d)$

证：

设N=$\Pi_{i=1}^Tp[i]^{k[i]}$p[i]表示互异的素数。

$\sum_{d|N}\varphi(d)$=$\Pi_{i=1}^T\sum_{j=0}^{k[i]}\varphi(p[i]^j)$

=$\Pi_{i=1}^T1+\sum_{j=1}^{k[i]}\varphi(p[i]^j)$

=$\Pi_{i=1}^T1+\sum_{j=1}^{k[i]}p[i]^{j-1}*(p[i]-1)$

=$\Pi_{i=1}^T1+(p[i]-1)*\sum_{j=1}^{k[i]}p[i]^{j-1}$

=$\Pi_{i=1}^T1+(p[i]-1)*\frac{p[i]^{k[i]}-1}{p[i]-1}$

=$\Pi_{i=1}^Tp[i]^{k[i]}$=N

得证