Android账号同步系统的建立——AccountManager及其他相关类的运用

一、效果图

1.1 Android设备->设置->账户与安全
1.2 点击“账户标签DEMO”
如果“账户标签DEMO”此时只添加了一个账号的话,点击该条目之后将会直接进入如下界面:
其中“369”就是账户名称
1.3 账户标签DEMO中添加了两个账号
如果“账户标签DEMO”此时只添加了多个账号的话,点击该条目之后将会直接进入如下界面:
点击相应账号条目之后就会进入了1.2章节中的界面,不过“369”换成了相应点击账号的名称

二、撸代码

2.1 AccountManager的使用
申明权限
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS"/>

在java代码中使用AccountManager

package com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin


import android.net.Uri
import android.view.View
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter
import android.accounts.Account
import android.accounts.AccountAuthenticatorActivity
import android.accounts.AccountManager
import android.content.*
import android.os.*

import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.adapter.MyCursorAdapter
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.data.DefineAccount
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.provider.AUTHORITY

import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_login.*
import java.util.*

/**
 * I want to use Kotlin to implement the program,but
 * it's not good to use Kotlin here.
 */
class LoginActivity : AccountAuthenticatorActivity() {

    private lateinit var accountManage: AccountManager
    private val ACCOUNT_TYPE = "com.study.account"
    val accountStrings = arrayListOf<String>()
    var handler = object : Handler() {
        override fun handleMessage(msg: Message?) {
            super.handleMessage(msg)
            var account = msg?.obj as DefineAccount
            handlerLoginResult(account.email, account.pwd)
        }
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_login)
        accountManage = getSystemService(Context.ACCOUNT_SERVICE) as AccountManager
        //根据账户类型获取账号
        accountManage.getAccountsByType(ACCOUNT_TYPE)
                ?.takeIf {
                    //判断当前获取到的账号列表是否为空
                    it.isNotEmpty()
                }?.let {
                    //可变参数时需要引入“*”号
                    Arrays.asList(*it)
                }?.map {
                    var account = it as Account
                    accountStrings.add(it.name)
                    if (it.name == "1") {
                        val password = accountManage.getUserData(it, "password")
                        val email = accountManage.getUserData(it, "account")
                        println(password)
                        println(email)
                        /**
                         * 更新相应账户的UserData
                         */
                        accountManage.setUserData(it, "password", "1111")
                    }
                }

        /**
         * 给AutoCompleteTextView添加自动提示功能
         */
        email.setAdapter(ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, accountStrings))


    }

    /**
     * 登录
     */
    fun login(view: View) {
        val email = email.text.toString().trim()
        val password = password.text.toString().trim()
        val msg = handler.obtainMessage()
        var defineAccount = DefineAccount(email, password)
        msg.obj = defineAccount
        handler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, 2000)


    }

    /**
     * 查询用户
     */
    fun queryUser(view: View) {
        var uri = Uri.parse("content://com.study.account.provider/account")
        //cursor不能关闭,一旦关闭CursorAdapter自动更新时将会报错
        //此处传入的uri及其子层级的uri发生变动的时候都会被更新
        val cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null)
        var cursorAdapter = MyCursorAdapter(this, cursor)
        lv.adapter = cursorAdapter
    }

    /**
     * 处理登录结果
     */
    private fun handlerLoginResult(email: String, password: String) {
        val account = Account(email, ACCOUNT_TYPE)
        val userData = Bundle()
        userData.putString("account", email)
        userData.putString("password", "==$password==")
        userData.putString("auth_token", "")

        var uri = Uri.parse("content://com.study.account.provider/account")
        var values = ContentValues()
        values.put("email", email)
        values.put("pwd", "==$password==")
        contentResolver.insert(uri, values)

        /**
         * 添加账户,建立App的同步机制
         * 例如:
         * 在应用中注册能够接受频繁广播事件的广播,在某种程度上可以达到App包活的效果
         * 最好是设置自动同步,自动同步是由设备自动触发
         */
        accountManage.addAccountExplicitly(account, password, userData)
        //自动同步
        /**
         * 当前账号是否可同步,大于1意味着可以同步
         */
        ContentResolver.setIsSyncable(account, AUTHORITY, 1)
        /**
         * 当前账号是否自动同步
         */
        ContentResolver.setSyncAutomatically(account, AUTHORITY, true)
        /**
         * 当前账号同步的频率
         */
        ContentResolver.addPeriodicSync(account, AUTHORITY, userData, 30)
        //手动同步
        // ContentResolver.requestSync(account, AUTHORITY, userData)
    }

}

2.2 AbstractAccountAuthenticator的使用
这个类将会被继承使用,不过需要配合Service使用。应用启动时系统将会通过
android:name="android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator" 

来启动AccountAuthenticatorService。AccountAuthenticatorService源码如下所示:

package com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.service

import android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.IBinder
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.authenticator.Authenticator

class AccountAuthenticatorService : Service() {

    lateinit var authenticator: Authenticator


    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        authenticator = Authenticator(this)
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder {
        return authenticator.iBinder
    }


}

在清单文件中配置AccountAuthenticatorService ,具体配置如下:

<service
            android:name=".service.AccountAuthenticatorService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <!--这个Action是由系统提供的-->
                <action android:name="android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator" />
            </intent-filter>

            <meta-data
                android:name="android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator"
                android:resource="@xml/authenticator" />
        </service>

其中authenticator.xml具体内容如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<account-authenticator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:accountPreferences="@xml/account_preferences"
    android:accountType="com.study.account"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_account_balance"
    android:label="@string/account_label"
    android:smallIcon="@drawable/ic_drafts_black">
    <!--
       android:accountPreferences这个属性添加之后,当
       只添加一个账户的时候也会显示这个应用中的应用账户列表
       android:accountType的账户类型,具有唯一性
       android:icon和android:smallIcon都是展示图标的,
       不过大多数情况下都是显示android:icon指定的图标
       android:label指定账户列表下对应应用的标签
    -->
</account-authenticator>

Authenticator继承至AbstractAccountAuthenticator,具体源码如下所示:

package com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.authenticator

import android.accounts.AbstractAccountAuthenticator
import android.accounts.Account
import android.accounts.AccountAuthenticatorResponse
import android.accounts.AccountManager
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.Bundle
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.LoginActivity
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.R

class Authenticator(context: Context) : AbstractAccountAuthenticator(context) {

    var context = context

    /**
     * 至于这个方法,没有找到触发的方式
     * 个人理解:是根据authTokenType获取authenticator.xml中配置的android:label
     * 所以在这个地方赋值为@string/account_label
     */
    override fun getAuthTokenLabel(authTokenType: String?): String {
        println("getAuthTokenLabel")
        return context.getString(R.string.account_label)
    }

    /**
     * accountManage.confirmCredentials(it, null, this@LoginActivity, null, null)
     * 调用confirmCredentials
     */
    override fun confirmCredentials(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, account: Account?, options: Bundle?): Bundle {
        println("confirmCredentials")
        return Bundle()
    }

    /**
     * accountManage.updateCredentials(it, ACCOUNT_TYPE, null, this@LoginActivity, null, null)
     */
    override fun updateCredentials(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, account: Account?, authTokenType: String?, options: Bundle?): Bundle {
        println("updateCredentials")
        return Bundle()
    }

    /**
     * accountManage.getAuthToken(it, ACCOUNT_TYPE, null, this@LoginActivity, null, null)
     * accountManage.blockingGetAuthToken(account, ACCOUNT_TYPE, true)
     * 都会调用getAuthToken方法,blockingGetAuthToken必须在子线程中调用,否则会造成死锁
     */
    override fun getAuthToken(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, account: Account?, authTokenType: String?, options: Bundle?): Bundle {
        println("getAuthToken")
        return Bundle()
    }

    /**
     *  accountManage.hasFeatures(it, features, null, null)
     */
    override fun hasFeatures(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, account: Account?, features: Array<out String>?): Bundle {
        println("hasFeatures")
        return Bundle()
    }

    /**
     *  accountManage.editProperties(ACCOUNT_TYPE, this@LoginActivity, null, null)
     */
    override fun editProperties(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, accountType: String?): Bundle {
        println("editProperties")
        return Bundle()
    }

    /**
     * 该方法在手机中“设置->安全与账户->
     * 用户和账户列表页面点击“添加”按钮->
     * 添加账户列表->选中自己的应用->
     * 调用addAccount方法”
     */
    override fun addAccount(response: AccountAuthenticatorResponse?, accountType: String?, authTokenType: String?, requiredFeatures: Array<out String>?, options: Bundle?): Bundle {
        println("addAccount")
        val addAccountIntent = Intent(context, LoginActivity::class.java)
        addAccountIntent.putExtra("authTokenType", authTokenType)
        if (options != null) {
            addAccountIntent.putExtras(options)
        }
        //一定要把response传入intent的extra中,便于将登录操作的结果回调给AccountManager
        addAccountIntent.putExtra(AccountManager.KEY_ACCOUNT_AUTHENTICATOR_RESPONSE, response)

        var bundle = Bundle()
        bundle.putParcelable(AccountManager.KEY_INTENT, addAccountIntent)
        return bundle
    }

}

2.3 AbstractThreadedSyncAdapter使用

这个类将会被继承使用,不过需要配合Service使用。应用启动时系统将会通过
android:name="android.content.SyncAdapter" 

来启动SyncAdapterService。SyncAdapterService源码如下所示:

package com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.service

import android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.IBinder
import com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.adapter.SyncAdapter

class SyncAdapterService : Service() {
    lateinit var syncAdapter: SyncAdapter

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        syncAdapter = SyncAdapter(this, true)
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder {
        return syncAdapter.syncAdapterBinder
    }
}

在清单文件中配置SyncAdapterService ,具体配置如下:

 <service
            android:name=".service.SyncAdapterService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.content.SyncAdapter" />
            </intent-filter>
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.content.SyncAdapter"
                android:resource="@xml/sync_adapter" />
        </service>

其中sync_adapter.xml具体内容如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sync-adapter xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:accountType="com.study.account"
    android:allowParallelSyncs="false"
    android:contentAuthority="com.study.account.provider"
    android:isAlwaysSyncable="true"
    android:supportsUploading="false"
    android:userVisible="false">
    <!--
        android:accountType跟authenticator.xml中的android:accountType一致
        android:allowParallelSyncs是否支持并行同步
        android:contentAuthority指定相应内容提供者的authority
        android:isAlwaysSyncable是否支持同步
        android:supportsUploading是否支持上传
        android:userVisible用户是否可见,false时用户看不到APP的同步时间
    -->
</sync-adapter>

SyncAdapter继承至AbstractThreadedSyncAdapter,具体源码如下所示:

package com.study.yang.accoutmanagerdemokotlin.adapter

import android.accounts.Account
import android.content.AbstractThreadedSyncAdapter
import android.content.ContentProviderClient
import android.content.Context
import android.content.SyncResult
import android.net.Uri
import android.os.Bundle

class SyncAdapter(context: Context, autoInitialize: Boolean) : AbstractThreadedSyncAdapter(context, autoInitialize) {


    /**
     * 不管系统自动同步还是手动同步,都会调用这个方法
     * 在这个方法中可以处理与服务器交互从而同步数据
     *
     * account:当前同步的账号
     * extras:同步的额外参数,目前没发现效果
     * authority:sync_adapter.xml中配置的contentAuthority的值
     * provider:与authority相匹配的ContentProvider的Client
     * syncResult:同步结果
     */
    override fun onPerformSync(account: Account?, extras: Bundle?, authority: String?,
                               provider: ContentProviderClient?, syncResult: SyncResult?) {
//        context.contentResolver.notifyChange()
        println("${account?.name}===${account?.type}")
        println("$authority")
        println(extras)
        var uri = Uri.parse("content://com.study.account.provider/account")
        val projections = arrayOf("email", "pwd")
        val cursor = provider?.query(uri, projections, "email=?", arrayOf(account?.name), null)
        cursor?.takeIf {
            it.count > 0
        }.let {
            it?.moveToFirst()
            println(it?.getString(it.getColumnIndex("pwd")))
        }
    }

}

源码地址

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