Java 栈的实现-使用链表

使用链表实现栈比实现一个单链表要简单很多。可以只在链表头进行数据的存取。

下面给出实现：

import java.util.StringJoiner;

class LinkedStack<Z> {
    private static class Node<R> {
        R data;
        Node<R> next;
    }

    private final int capacity;
    private final Node<Z> head = new Node<>();
    private int length = 0;

    public LinkedStack(int capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
    }

    public int size() {
        return length;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return length == 0;
    }

    public boolean isFull() {
        return capacity == size();
    }

    public boolean push(Z data) {
        // add ele
        if (data == null || isFull()) {
            return false;
        }

        Node<Z> h = head;
        Node<Z> item = new Node<>();
        item.data = data;
        item.next = h.next;
        h.next = item;
        length++;
        return true;
    }

    public Z pop() {
        if (isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        Node<Z> h = head;
        Node<Z> target = h.next;
        Z data = target.data;
        h.next = target.next;
        target.data = null;
        target.next = null;
        length--;
        return data;
    }

    private String format() {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{ ");
        Node<Z> h = head;
        while (h.next != null) {
            h = h.next;
            sb.append(h.data).append(", ");
        }
        int last = sb.lastIndexOf(", ");
        if (last != -1) {
            sb.delete(last, last + 2);
        }
        sb.append(" }");
        return sb.toString().replaceAll(" {2}", "");
    }

    public void clear() {
        while (!isEmpty()) {
            pop();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new StringJoiner(", ",
                LinkedStack.class.getSimpleName() + "[",
                "]")
                .add("data=" + format())
                .add("size=" + size())
                .add("capacity=" + capacity)
                .toString();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedStack<Integer> stack = new LinkedStack<>(4);
        System.out.println(stack);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            boolean push = stack.push(i + 1);
            System.out.printf("push: %s | %s\n", push, stack);
        }
        stack.clear();
        System.out.println("clear? " + stack);

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            boolean push = stack.push(i + 11);
            System.out.printf("push: %s | %s\n", push, stack);
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            Integer pop = stack.pop();
            System.out.printf("pop: %s | stack=%s\n", pop, stack);
        }
    }
}

关于单链表的实现可以看之前的文章：java 单链表实现 及 反转单链表.

可以看一下输出效果：

push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 1 }, size=1, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 2, 1 }, size=2, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 3, 2, 1 }, size=3, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 4, 3, 2, 1 }, size=4, capacity=4]
push: false | LinkedStack[data={ 4, 3, 2, 1 }, size=4, capacity=4]
clear? LinkedStack[data={}, size=0, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 11 }, size=1, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 12, 11 }, size=2, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 13, 12, 11 }, size=3, capacity=4]
push: true | LinkedStack[data={ 14, 13, 12, 11 }, size=4, capacity=4]
push: false | LinkedStack[data={ 14, 13, 12, 11 }, size=4, capacity=4]
pop: 14 | stack=LinkedStack[data={ 13, 12, 11 }, size=3, capacity=4]
pop: 13 | stack=LinkedStack[data={ 12, 11 }, size=2, capacity=4]
pop: 12 | stack=LinkedStack[data={ 11 }, size=1, capacity=4]
pop: 11 | stack=LinkedStack[data={}, size=0, capacity=4]