微服务环境搭建

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 05:54:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 05:54:53 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud微服务文章标签：微服务 java 分布式

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案例：使用的电商项目中的商品微服务、订单微服务

1、案例准备

1.1 技术选型

maven：3.5.0+

数据库：MySQL 5.7 以上

持久层: Mybatis-plus 《Mybatis Mapper Mybatis-plus》

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈 druid

1.2 模块设计

springcloud-parent：父工程，jar版本的管理，公共jar的引入

springcloud-common：公共模块，【实体类，公共依赖，工具类】

springcloud-product：商品微服务

springcloud-order：订单微服务

1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为

例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者，商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

2、微服务架构搭建

2.1 创建父工程

创建一个springboot项目，pom文件的内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <!--第一步：修改springboot版本号-->
        <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--第二步：如果工程为父工程，那么打包方式为pom-->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <!--第三步：定义版本号-->
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.3.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <!--dependencyManagement：只负责jar的版本号管理，不负责jar的下载，交与子模块，子模块再使用时无需指定版本号
        ：springboot   springcloud  springcloudalibaba之间的版本一定要匹配
    -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springcloud的版本管理-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

这里要注意的是springboot，springcloud，springcloudalibaba之间的版本一定要匹配

2.2 创建公共模块

2.2.1 springcloud-common为maven项目，pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-common</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.2.2 创建实体类

//订单实体类
@Data
@TableName("shop_order")
public class Order {
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long oid; //订单id
    private Integer uid;//用户id
    private String username;//用户名
    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer number;//购买数量
}


//商品实体类
@Data
@TableName(value="shop_product")
public class Product {
    @TableId(type= IdType.AUTO)
    private Integer pid;
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer stock;//库存
}

2.2.3 返回公共结果类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult {
    private Integer code;
    private String msg;
    private Object data;
}

2.3 创建商品微服务

2.3.1 springcloud-product为maven项目，pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-product</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--引入公共模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.3.2 启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApp.class,args);
    }
}

2.3.3 配置文件application.properties

# 为了之后的方便端口号为8080-8089
server.port=8081

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

2.3.4 实现查找商品的接口

（1）创建ProductMapper接口

@Mapper
public interface ProductMapper extends BaseMapper<Product> {
}

（2）创建ProductService接口

public interface ProductService {

    Product getById(Integer id);
}

（3）创建ProductServiceImpl实现类

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductMapper productMapper;

    @Override
    public Product getById(Integer id) {
        return productMapper.selectById(id);
    }
}

（4）创建ProductController类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("product")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping("getOne/{id}")
    public CommonResult getOne(@PathVariable Integer id){
        Product product = productService.getById(id);
        if (product!=null){
            return new CommonResult(2000,"查询成功",product);
        }
        return new CommonResult(5000,"查询失败",null);
    }
}

2.4 创建订单微服务

2.4.1 springcloud-order为maven项目，pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-order</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.gjx</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.4.2 创建启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class,args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

2.4.3 配置文件application.properties

# 为了之后的方便端口号为8090-8099
server.port=8091

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

2.4.4 创建下单接口

（1）创建OrderMapper接口

@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> {
}

（2）创建OrderService接口

public interface OrderService {
    Integer addOrder(Order order);
}

（3）创建OrderServiceImpl实现类

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    @Override
    public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
        return orderMapper.insert(order);
    }
}

（4）创建OrderController类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("order")
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("buy/{pid}/{num}")
    public CommonResult buy(@PathVariable Integer pid,@PathVariable Integer num){
        CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/product/getOne/" + pid, CommonResult.class);
        Product product = JSON.parseObject(JSON.toJSONString(result.getData()), Product.class);
        //System.out.println(product);
        Order order = new Order(2, "饺子皮", product.getPid(), product.getPname(), product.getPprice(), num);
        Integer addOrder = orderService.addOrder(order);
        if (addOrder>0){
            return new CommonResult(2000,"购买成功",addOrder);
        }
        return new CommonResult(5000,"购买失败",null);
    }
}