Day12_JDBC入门与Statement

一、什么是JDBC？JDBC的本质是什么？

JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)：java数据库连接

本质就是一个普通的java类,数据库厂商提供的驱动jar包,来实现sun公司提供一套"应用程序接口规范"
java.sql.Drvier 驱动接口
java.sql.DriverManager:驱动管理类(管理jdbc的驱动服务)
java.sql.Connection:与特定数据库的一种会话连接
java.sql.Statement:执行静态sql语句 (执行对象,操作数据库)

二、JDBC的七大操作步骤（百度百科为五大步骤，没有获得执行对象和执行语句）

jdbc原生七大操作步骤:(入门)
0)导包
1)注册驱动                   Class.forname(com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver);
2)获取数据库连接对象          Connection cnt =
          DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/包名","用户名","密码");
3)获取数据库的执行对象        Statement stmt = cnt.createStatement();
4)准备sql语句                String sql = "SQL语句";
5)数据库执行对象去操作数据库  int i =stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
6)输出返回结果               System.out.println("影响了"+i+"行");
7)释放资源                   stmt.close();   cnt.close();

三、JDBC的statement执行对象及DQL语句

DDL语句：execute（）；  返回值为Boolean；     

DML语句：executeUpdate（）;                DQL语句：executeQuery（）；                

ResultSet结果集：next（）向下跳一行；        previous（）向上跳一行；

                                getxxx（列数，或者列名）；        getObject（）；

/*sql1：sql执行语句    statement：执行对象
executeQuery：查询函数    ResultSet ：结果返回集*/
查询语句：ResultSet query = statement.executeQuery(sql1);

/*query.next()：使得数据光标挪至下一行，若下一行还有数据则返回结果为真；
query.getInt(所需要获得数据的列数) 或者 query.getInt(“所需要获得数据的名称”)
query.getString(所需要获得数据的列数) 或者 query.getString(“所需要获得数据的名称”)*/
while(query.next()){
      int id = query.getInt(1);
      String name = query.getString(2);
      String gender = query.getString("gender");
      String address = query.getString("address");
      System.out.println(id+"\t\t"+name+"\t\t"+gender+"\t\t"+address);
            
      studentList.add(new Student(id,name,gender,address));
}

package com.jdbcutils;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class JUTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        String sql1 = "select * from student";
        ResultSet query = statement.executeQuery(sql1);
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        while(query.next()){
            int id = query.getInt(1);
            String name = query.getString(2);
            String gender = query.getString("gender");
            String address = query.getString("address");
            System.out.println(id+"\t\t"+name+"\t\t"+gender+"\t\t"+address);
            
            studentList.add(new Student(id,name,gender,address));
        }
        studentList.forEach(a-> System.out.println(a));
        JDBCUtils.close(query,statement,connection);
    }
}

四、自定义JDBC工具类

package com.qf;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtils2 {
    private static String url;
    private static String username;
    private static String password;
    private static String driverClassName;

    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //获得properties文件数据流,并装载到properties对象中,
        InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtils2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("Jdbc.properties");
        try {
            properties.load(inputStream);
        
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            username = properties.getProperty("username");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");
            driverClassName = properties.getProperty("driverClassName");
            //加载或注册驱动
            Class.forName(driverClassName);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    public JDBCUtils2() {
    }
    //获得直接调用获得代理对象
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
        return connection;
    }
    //关闭获得对象
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement st, Connection conn) {
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
                System.out.println("结果集已关闭");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (st != null) {
            try {
                st.close();
                System.out.println("执行对象已关闭");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
                System.out.println("连接对象已关闭");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

    }

    public static void close(Statement st, Connection conn) {
        close(null, st, conn);
    }


}