HDU 1402 快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现高精度乘法

第一次写FFT。这里贴出我学习FFT的博客地址，希望大家也能有所收获。

http://blog.csdn.net/ljhandlwt/article/details/51999762

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/79162aa1bed5b9f3f90f1ca8.html

当这两篇资料都看完的时候就可以领略到这个算法的美了。

#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define MAX_N 500005

using namespace std;

const double PI = acos(-1.0);

///自定义复数类
struct Complex
{
    double real, imag;

    Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {}

    Complex operator + (const Complex& x) const
    {
        return Complex(real + x.real, imag + x.imag);
    }

    Complex operator - (const Complex& x) const
    {
        return Complex(real - x.real, imag - x.imag);
    }

    Complex operator * (const Complex& x) const
    {
        return Complex(real * x.real - imag * x.imag, real * x.imag + imag * x.real);
    }
};

///雷德算法:将数组a中的每个数字的二进制倒转
void Rader(Complex* a, int len)
{
    int j = len >> 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < len - 1; i++)
    {
        if (i < j) swap(a[i], a[j]);
        int k = len >> 1;
        while (j >= k)
        {
            j -= k;
            k >>= 1;
        }
        if (j < k) j += k;
    }
}

void FFT(Complex* a, int len, int flag)
{
    Rader(a, len);

    for (int cur_length = 2; cur_length <= len; cur_length <<= 1)
    {
        ///初始化单位复根
        double ang = flag * 2 * PI / cur_length;
        Complex Wn(cos(ang), sin(ang));

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i += cur_length)
        {
            Complex W(1.0, 0.0);
            for (int j = i; j < i + cur_length / 2; j++)
            {
                Complex u = a[j];
                Complex t = W * a[j + cur_length / 2];
                a[j] = u + t;
                a[j + cur_length / 2] = u - t;
                W = W * Wn;
            }
        }
    }

    if (flag == -1)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            a[i].real /= len;
    }
}

Complex a[MAX_N], b[MAX_N];
int result[MAX_N];

///利用快速傅里叶变换实现的高精度乘法
void Fast_multi(char* sa, char* sb)
{
    int lena = strlen(sa), lenb = strlen(sb);

    ///两个长度为n的数字相乘,结果最长为2n
    ///所以答案长度最大为max(2lena, 2lenb)
    ///要将答案长度拓展为2的次幂，便于分治
    int len = 1;
    while (len < 2 * lena || len < 2 * lenb) len <<= 1;

    ///将两个操作数长度拓展成答案的长度
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < lena; i++)
    {
        a[i].real = sa[lena - 1 - i] - '0';
        a[i].imag = 0.0;
    }
    while (i < len)
    {
        a[i].real = a[i].imag = 0.0;
        i++;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < lenb; i++)
    {
        b[i].real = sb[lenb - 1 - i] - '0';
        b[i].imag = 0.0;
    }
    while (i < len)
    {
        b[i].real = b[i].imag = 0.0;
        i++;
    }

    ///求向量a和向量b的卷积
    FFT(a, len, 1);
    FFT(b, len, 1);
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
        a[i] = a[i] * b[i];
    FFT(a, len, -1);

    ///将a和b卷积的每位数字四舍五入保存到result数组中
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
        result[i] = a[i].real + 0.5;

    ///将结果进位
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        result[i + 1] += result[i] / 10;
        result[i] %= 10;
    }

    ///可能有前导0
    int high;
    for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        if (result[i])
        {
            high = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    for (i = high; i >= 0; i--)
        printf("%d", result[i]);
    putchar('\n');
}

char sa[MAX_N], sb[MAX_N];

int main()
{
    //freopen("in1.txt", "r", stdin);

    while (~scanf("%s%s", sa, sb))
        Fast_multi(sa, sb);
    return 0;
}