C++析构函数为什么建议是虚函数

学习C++时，看到书上有建议析构函数函数设置为虚函数，一直不理解，现在我们写代码验证下这一建议。
先看下不带virtual 的析构函数

using namespace std;

class TBase {
public:
    TBase() {}

    ~TBase() {
        cout << "Base Destructor" << endl;
    }

    void show() {
        cout << "base show" << endl;
    }
};

class TDerived : public TBase {
public:
    TDerived() {}

    ~TDerived() {
        cout << "Derived Destructor" << endl;
    }

    void show() {
        cout << "derived show" << endl;
    }
};

分别使用基类对象，基类指针，派生类对象，派生类指针进行测试。

int main() {
    {
        TDerived tv;
        TDerived *tp = new TDerived();
        tv.show();
        tp->show();
        delete tp;
    }
    return 0;
}
// output
derived show
derived show
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor

int main() {
    {
        TBase bv;
        TBase *bp = new TBase();
        bv.show();
        bp->show();
        delete bp;
    }
    return 0;
}
// output
base show
base show
Base Destructor
Base Destructor

通过观察结果可以看到，对于派生类而言，如果基类虚构函数不是虚函数，那么派生类对象或派生类指针在程序结束或调用delete后，都会先调用派生类的析构函数再调用基类的析构函数。但是基类对象和基类指针都只会调用基类的析构函数。

我们再来看下如果析构函数是虚函数，结果会是怎样，测试函数如下：

class TBase {
public:
    TBase() {}

    virtual ~TBase() {
        cout << "Base Destructor" << endl;
    }

    void show() {
        cout << "base show" << endl;
    }
};

class TDerived : public TBase {
public:
    TDerived() {}

    virtual ~TDerived() {
        cout << "Derived Destructor" << endl;
    }

    void show() {
        cout << "derived show" << endl;
    }
};

测试main函数

int main() {
    {
        TDerived tv;
        TDerived *tp = new TDerived();
        tv.show();
        tp->show();
        delete tp;
     }
}
// output
derived show
derived show
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor
int main() {
    {
        TBase* bp = new TDerived;
        delete bp;
    }
    return 0;
}
// output
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor
int main() {
    {
        TBase* bp = new TBase();
        delete bp;
    }
    return 0;
}
// output
Base Destructor

观察上述结果可以得知，当使用基类指针操作派生类时，如果基类析构函数函数为虚函数，那么delete基类指针时会先调用派生类析构函数再调用基类析构函数。否则只会调用基类的析构函数，因此当该类为基类时需要将该类的析构函数定义为虚函数，代价就是会增加虚函数表，会增加程序运行时的内存消耗和处理时间。