Spring学习笔记之依赖注入（DI）

XML配置

Spring中的依赖注入

构造函数注入

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    /*经常变化的数据，不适合注入的方式*/
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Date time;

    public AccountServiceImpl(String name, Integer age, Date time) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.time = time;
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {

        System.out.println("service中的方法执行了！"+name+","+age+","+time);
    }
}

bean.xml

 <bean id="accountService" class="com.lg.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
                <constructor-arg name="name" value="校历"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg name="time" ref="now"></constructor-arg>
        </bean>
        <!--配置一个日期对象-->
        <bean id="now" class="java.util.Date"/>

set方法注入

AccountServiceImpl1.java

public class AccountServiceImpl1 implements AccountService {
    /*经常变化的数据，不适合注入的方式*/
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Date time;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setTime(Date time) {
        this.time = time;
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {

        System.out.println("service中的方法执行了！"+name+","+age+","+time);
    }
}

<!--配置一个日期对象-->
        <bean id="now" class="java.util.Date"/>

        <bean id="accountService1" class="com.lg.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl1">
                <property name="name" value="two"/>
                <property name="age" value="20"/>
                <property name="time" ref="now"/>
        </bean>

复杂类型注入注入

public class AccountServiceImpl2 implements AccountService {

    private String[] myArray;
    private List<String> myList;
    private Set<String> mySet;
    private Map<String,String> myMap;
    private Properties properties;

    public void setMyArray(String[] myArray) {
        this.myArray = myArray;
    }

    public void setMyList(List<String> myList) {
        this.myList = myList;
    }

    public void setMyMap(Map<String, String> myMap) {
        this.myMap = myMap;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    public void setMySet(Set<String> mySet) {
        this.mySet = mySet;
    }

    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(myArray));
        System.out.println(myList);
        System.out.println(mySet);
        System.out.println(myMap);
        System.out.println(properties);
    }
}

<!--复杂类型的注入-->
        <bean id="accountService2" class="com.lg.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl2">
                <property name="myArray">
                        <array>
                                <value>AAA</value>
                                <value>BBB</value>
                                <value>CCC</value>
                        </array>
                </property>
                <property name="myList">
                        <list>
                                <value>AAA</value>
                                <value>BBB</value>
                                <value>CCC</value>
                        </list>
                </property>
                <property name="mySet">
                        <set>
                                <value>AAA</value>
                                <value>BBB</value>
                                <value>CCC</value>
                        </set>
                </property>
                <property name="myMap">
                        <map>
                                <entry key="testA" value="AAA"></entry>
                                <entry key="testB" value="BBB"></entry>
                                <entry key="testC" value="CCC"></entry>

                        </map>
                </property>
                <property name="properties">
                        <props>
                                <prop key="1">111</prop>
                                <prop key="2">222</prop>
                                <prop key="3">333</prop>
                        </props>
                </property>
        </bean>

注解配置

告知Spring在创建容器时要扫描的包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

        <context:component-scan base-package="com.lg"/>

</beans>

用于创建对象的

@Component("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
    public AccountServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        accountDao.save();
    }
}

用于注入数据的

按照类型注入域属性值@Avtowired

@Component("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao1 ;
    public AccountServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        accountDao1.save();
    }
}

@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("保存账户000000！");
    }
}

@Repository("accountDao1")
public class AccountDaoImpl1 implements AccountDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("保存账户1111111！");
    }
}

按照名称注入域属性值@Avtowired与@Qualifier

@Component("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("accountDao")
    private AccountDao accountDao1 ;
    public AccountServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        accountDao1.save();
    }
}

域属性注解@Resource

@Component("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @Resource(name = "accountDao")
    private AccountDao accountDao1 ;
    public AccountServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        accountDao1.save();
    }
    
}

以上三个注入只能注入其他Bean类型的数据，而基本类型和String类型无法使用上述注解实现。另外，集合类型的注入只能通过XML来实现。

基本类型属性注入@Value

用于改变作用范围的@Scope

和生命周期相关

作用在Bean标签中使用init-method和destory-method作用相同。
@PreDestroy:用于指定销毁方法
@PostConstruct：用于指定初始化方法

@Component("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @PreDestroy
    public void destoeyMethod(){
        System.out.println("方法销毁！");
    }
    @PostConstruct
    public void initMethod(){
        System.out.println("方法初始化！");
    }
    @Resource(name = "accountDao")
    private AccountDao accountDao1 ;
    public AccountServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveAccount() {
        accountDao1.save();
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、获取核心容器对象
        //ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        //根据beanId获取对象
        //AccountService as  = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        AccountService as  = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
        as.saveAccount();
        ac.close();
    }

其他注解

/**
 * 该类是一个配置类，和xml类似
 * 新注解
 * Configuration
 *  指定当前类是一个配置类
 *  ComponentScan
 *  使用注解指定1Spring在创建容器时要扫描的包
 *  属性:value 和basePackages相同，都是用于指定创建容器时要扫描的包/使用
 *  此注解就相当于配置xml了。
 *  <context:component-scan base-package="com.lg"></context:component-scan>
 *  Bean
 *  作用：用于把当前方法的返回值作为Bean对象存入Spring的IOC容器中
 *  属性：name用于指定Bean的Id，当不写时，默认值是当前方法的名称
 *  细节：当我们使用注解配置方式时，如果方法有参数，Spring框架会去容器中查找有没有可用的Bean对象，
 *  查找方式和Autowired注解的作用是一样的。
 *
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lg")
public class SpringConfiguration {
    /**
     * 用于创建一个QueryRunner对象
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "runner")
    public QueryRunner createQueryRuner(DataSource dataSource){
        return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
    }
    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
        ComboPooledDataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        ds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC");
        ds.setUser("root");
        ds.setPassword("123456");
        return ds;
    }
}