002-Servlet JSP写HTML界面（一）

上一篇，我们讲了如何用Servlet做Hello, world。那如果要做一个复杂的页面，还像这样写……

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/hello")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
        pw.write("<h1>Hello, world!</h1>");
        pw.flush();
    }
}

所以，就有了JSP。
依赖和上次一样：

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
            <version>9.0.39</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
            <version>9.0.39</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

在写界面之前，我们要先了解一下重定向和转发：

如果你已经会了，就千万不要再看下去了，有些浪费时间，直接看下一篇博客！

重定向

重定向就是比如：访问了/redirect，通过指定代码，自动跳转到/hello。
实例代码：
创建Java class：RedirectServlet

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/redirect")
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String url = "/hello" + "?" + (name == null ? "" : "name=" + name);
        resp.sendRedirect(url);
    }
}

HelloServlet：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/hello")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
        pw.write("<h1>Hello, " + (name == null ? "world!" : name + "!") + "</h1>");
        pw.flush();
    }
}

直接访问/hello效果：

访问/redirect效果：

转发

你可以想象，转发就是把别的链接的东西搬过来，变成这个链接的页面。代码如下：
创建Java class：ForwardServlet

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/forward")
public class ForwardServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String url = "/hello" + "?" + (name == null ? "" : "name=" + name);

        req.getRequestDispatcher(url).forward(req, resp);
    }
}

效果：

可以发现，url没有变。

这一片博客先写到这里。为了不让大家学习压力太大，我会把JSP放在下一篇。