Oracle学习(三)
主要学习了PL/SQL编程语言、存储过程、存储函数、java调用存储过程和触发器
PL/SQL编程语言
输出Hello Word
declare
--说明部分
begin
--程序
dbms_output.put_line('Hello World');
end;
引用型变量:查询并打印7839的姓名和薪水
declare
--定义变量保存姓名和薪水
--pename varchar2(20);
--psal number;
pename emp.ename%type;
psal emp.sal%type;
begin
--得到7839的姓名和薪水
select ename,sal into pename,psal from emp where empno=7839;
--打印
dbms_output.put_line(pename||'的薪水是'||psal);
end;
记录型变量: 查询并打印7839的姓名和薪水
declare
--定义记录型变量:代表一行
emp_rec emp%rowtype;
begin
select * into emp_rec from emp where empno=7839;
dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.ename||'的薪水是'||emp_rec.sal);
end;
if:判断用户从键盘输入的数字
--接受键盘输入
--变量num:是一个地址值,在该地址上保存了输入的值
accept num prompt '请输入一个数字';
declare
--定义变量保存输入 的数字
pnum number := #
begin
if pnum = 0 then dbms_output.put_line('您输入的是0');
elsif pnum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('您输入的是1');
elsif pnum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('您输入的是2');
else dbms_output.put_line('其他数字');
end if;
end;
循环:打印1~10
declare
-- 定义变量
pnum number := 1;
begin
loop
--退休条件
exit when pnum > 10;
--打印
dbms_output.put_line(pnum);
--加一
pnum := pnum + 1;
end loop;
end;
光标:查询并打印员工的姓名和薪水
/*
光标的属性: %isopen %rowcount(影响的行数)
%found %notfound
*/
declare
--定义光标(游标)
cursor cemp is select ename,sal from emp;
pename emp.ename%type;
psal emp.sal%type;
begin
--打开
open cemp;
loop
--取当前记录
fetch cemp into pename,psal;
--exit when 没有取到记录;
exit when cemp%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(pename||'的薪水是'||psal);
end loop;
--关闭
close cemp;
end;
给员工涨工资,总裁1000 经理800 其他400
declare
--定义光标
cursor cemp is select empno,job from emp;
pempno emp.empno%type;
pjob emp.job%type;
begin
rollback;
--打开光标
open cemp;
loop
--取一个员工
fetch cemp into pempno,pjob;
exit when cemp%notfound;
--判断职位
if pjob = 'PRESIDENT' then update emp set sal=sal+1000 where empno=pempno;
elsif pjob = 'MANAGER' then update emp set sal=sal+800 where empno=pempno;
else update emp set sal=sal+400 where empno=pempno;
end if;
end loop;
--关闭光标
close cemp;
--提交 ----> why?: 事务 ACID
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('完成');
end;
带参数的光标:查询某个部门的员工姓名
declare
--形参
cursor cemp(dno number) is select ename from emp where deptno=dno;
pename emp.ename%type;
begin
--实参
open cemp(20);
loop
fetch cemp into pename;
exit when cemp%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(pename);
end loop;
close cemp;
end;
系统异常:被0除
declare
pnum number;
begin
pnum := 1/0;
exception
when zero_divide then dbms_output.put_line('1:0不能做分母');
dbms_output.put_line('2:0不能做分母');
when value_error then dbms_output.put_line('算术或者转换错误');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
自定义异常:查询50号部门的员工
declare
cursor cemp is select ename from emp where deptno=50;
pename emp.ename%type;
--自定义例外
no_emp_found exception;
begin
open cemp;
--取第一条记录
fetch cemp into pename;
if cemp%notfound then
--抛出例外
raise no_emp_found;
end if;
--进程:pmon进程(proccesss monitor)
close cemp;
exception
when no_emp_found then dbms_output.put_line('没有找到员工');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
统计每年入职的员工个数
/*
1、SQL语句
select to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp;
---> 集合 ---> 光标 ---> 循环---> 退出: notfound
2、变量:(*)初始值 (*)最终如何得到
每年入职的人数
count80 number := 0;
count81 number := 0;
count82 number := 0;
count87 number := 0;
*/
declare
--定义光标
cursor cemp is select to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp;
phiredate varchar2(4);
--每年入职的人数
count80 number := 0;
count81 number := 0;
count82 number := 0;
count87 number := 0;
begin
--打开光标
open cemp;
loop
--取一个员工的入职年份
fetch cemp into phiredate;
exit when cemp%notfound;
--判断年份是哪一年
if phiredate = '1980' then count80:=count80+1;
elsif phiredate = '1981' then count81:=count81+1;
elsif phiredate = '1982' then count82:=count82+1;
else count87:=count87+1;
end if;
end loop;
--关闭光标
close cemp;
--输出
dbms_output.put_line('Total:'||(count80+count81+count82+count87));
dbms_output.put_line('1980:'|| count80);
dbms_output.put_line('1981:'|| count81);
dbms_output.put_line('1982:'|| count82);
dbms_output.put_line('1987:'|| count87);
end;
给每个员工涨薪10%,但涨薪总额不能超过5w
/*
1、SQL语句
selet empno,sal from emp order by sal;
---> 光标 ---> 循环 ---> 退出:1. 总额>5w 2. notfound
2、变量:(*)初始值 (*)最终如何得到
涨工资的人数: countEmp number := 0;
涨后的工资总额:salTotal number;
(1)select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp;
(2)涨后=涨前 + sal *0.1
练习: 人数:8 总额:50205.325
*/
declare
cursor cemp is select empno,sal from emp order by sal;
pempno emp.empno%type;
psal emp.sal%type;
--涨工资的人数:
countEmp number := 0;
--涨后的工资总额:
salTotal number;
begin
--得到工资总额的初始值
select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp;
open cemp;
loop
-- 1. 总额 >5w
exit when salTotal > 50000;
--取一个员工
fetch cemp into pempno,psal;
--2. notfound
exit when cemp%notfound;
--涨工资
update emp set sal=sal*1.1 where empno=pempno;
--人数+1
countEmp := countEmp +1;
--涨后=涨前 + sal *0.1
salTotal := salTotal + psal * 0.1;
end loop;
close cemp;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('人数:'||countEmp||' 总额:'||salTotal);
end;
统计某个部门的薪资水平:小于3000,3000~6000,6000以上
/*
1、SQL语句
部门:select deptno from dept; ---> 光标
部门中员工的薪水: select sal from emp where deptno=?? ---> 带参数的光标
2、变量:(*)初始值 (*)最终如何得到
每个段的人数
count1 number; count2 number; count3 number;
部门的工资总额
salTotal number := 0;
(1)select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp where deptno=??
(2)累加
*/
declare
--部门
cursor cdept is select deptno from dept;
pdeptno dept.deptno%type;
--部门中员工的薪水
cursor cemp(dno number) is select sal from emp where deptno=dno;
psal emp.sal%type;
--每个段的人数
count1 number; count2 number; count3 number;
--部门的工资总额
salTotal number := 0;
begin
--部门
open cdept;
loop
--取一个部门
fetch cdept into pdeptno;
exit when cdept%notfound;
--初始化
count1:=0; count2:=0; count3:=0;
--得到部门的工资总额
select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp where deptno=pdeptno;
--取部门的中员工薪水
open cemp(pdeptno);
loop
--取一个员工的薪水
fetch cemp into psal;
exit when cemp%notfound;
--判断
if psal < 3000 then count1:=count1+1;
elsif psal >=3000 and psal<6000 then count2:=count2+1;
else count3:=count3+1;
end if;
end loop;
close cemp;
--保存结果
insert into msg values(pdeptno,count1,count2,count3,nvl(saltotal,0));
end loop;
close cdept;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('完成');
end;
存储过程
输出Hello World
/*调用存储过程:
1、exec sayhelloworld();
2、begin
sayhelloworld();
sayhelloworld();
end;
*/
create or replace procedure sayhelloworld
as
--说明部分
begin
dbms_output.put_line('Hello World');
end;
带参数的存储过程:给指定的员工涨100,并且打印涨前和涨后的薪水
create or replace procedure raiseSalary(eno in number)
is
--定义变量保存涨前的薪水
psal emp.sal%type;
begin
--得到涨前的薪水
select sal into psal from emp where empno=eno;
--涨100
update emp set sal=sal+100 where empno=eno;
--要不要commit?
dbms_output.put_line('涨前:'||psal||' 涨后:'||(psal+100));
end raiseSalary;
查询某个员工的姓名 薪水和职位
/*
1、查询某个员工的所有信息 ---> out参数太多
2、查询某个部门中的所有员工信息 ----> 返回的是集合
*/
create or replace procedure queryEmpInformation(eno in number,
pename out varchar2,
psal out number,
pjob out varchar2)
is
begin
select ename,sal,job into pename,psal,pjob from emp where empno=eno;
end queryEmpInformation;
查询某个部门中的所有员工信息 ----> 返回的是集合
create or replace package mypackage is
type empcursor is ref cursor;
procedure queryEmpList(dno in number,empList out empcursor);
end mypackage;
/
create or replace package body mypackage is
procedure queryEmpList(dno in number,empList out empcursor)
as
begin
open empList for select * from emp where deptno=dno;
end;
end mypackage;
/
存储函数
查询某个员工的年收入
create or replace function queryEmpIncome(eno in number)
return number
is
--定义变量保存月薪和奖金
psal emp.sal%type;
pcomm emp.comm%type;
begin
--得到月薪和奖金
select sal,comm into psal,pcomm from emp where empno=eno;
--返回年收入
return psal*12+nvl(pcomm,0);
end queryEmpIncome;
java调用存储过程
JDBC工具类封装
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String driver = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver";
private static String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.137.129:1521/orcl";
private static String user = "scott";
private static String password = "tiger";
static{
//注册驱动
//DriverManager.registerDriver(driver)
try {
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
}
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/*
* 运行Java:
* java -Xms100M -Xmx200M HelloWorld
*
* 技术方向:
* 1、性能优化
* 2、故障诊断:死锁(JDK: ThreadDump)
* Oracle: 自动处理
*/
public static void release(Connection conn,Statement st,ResultSet rs){
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
rs = null; ///-----> 原因:Java GC: Java的GC不受代码的控制
}
}
if(st != null){
try {
st.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
st = null;
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
conn = null;
}
}
}
}
调用存储过程
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import oracle.jdbc.OracleCallableStatement;
import oracle.jdbc.OracleTypes;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestOracle {
/*
* create or replace procedure queryEmpInformation(eno in number,
pename out varchar2,
psal out number,
pjob out varchar2)
*/
@Test
public void testProcedure(){
//{call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}
String sql = "{call queryEmpInformation(?,?,?,?)}";
Connection conn = null;
CallableStatement call = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
call = conn.prepareCall(sql);
//对于in参数,赋值
call.setInt(1,7839);
//对于out参数,申明
call.registerOutParameter(2, OracleTypes.VARCHAR);
call.registerOutParameter(3, OracleTypes.NUMBER);
call.registerOutParameter(4, OracleTypes.VARCHAR);
//执行
call.execute();
//输出
String name = call.getString(2);
double sal = call.getDouble(3);
String job = call.getString(4);
System.out.println(name+"\t"+sal+"\t"+job);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCUtils.release(conn, call, null);
}
}
/*
* create or replace function queryEmpIncome(eno in number)
return number
*/
@Test
public void testFunction(){
//{?= call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}
String sql = "{?=call queryEmpIncome(?)}";
Connection conn = null;
CallableStatement call = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
call = conn.prepareCall(sql);
call.registerOutParameter(1, OracleTypes.NUMBER);
call.setInt(2, 7839);
//执行
call.execute();
//取出年收入
double income = call.getDouble(1);
System.out.println(income);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCUtils.release(conn, call, null);
}
}
@Test
public void testCursor(){
String sql = "{call mypackage.QUERYEMPLIST(?,?)}";
Connection conn = null;
CallableStatement call = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
call = conn.prepareCall(sql);
//对于in参数,赋值
call.setInt(1,20);
//对于out参数,申明
call.registerOutParameter(2, OracleTypes.CURSOR);
//执行
call.execute();
//取出结果
rs = ((OracleCallableStatement)call).getCursor(2);
while(rs.next()){
//取出一个员工
String name = rs.getString("ename");
double sal = rs.getDouble("sal");
System.out.println(name+"\t"+sal);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCUtils.release(conn, call, rs);
}
}
}
触发器
每当成功插入新员工后,自动打印“成功插入新员工”
create trigger firsttrigger
after insert
on emp
declare
begin
dbms_output.put_line('成功插入新员工');
end;
禁止在非工作时间 插入新员工
/*
实施复杂的安全性检查
禁止在非工作时间 插入新员工
1、周末: to_char(sysdate,'day') in ('星期六','星期日')
2、上班前 下班后:to_number(to_char(sysdate,'hh24')) not between 9 and 17
*/
create or replace trigger securityemp
before insert
on emp
begin
if to_char(sysdate,'day') in ('星期六','星期日','星期五') or
to_number(to_char(sysdate,'hh24')) not between 9 and 17 then
--禁止insert
raise_application_error(-20001,'禁止在非工作时间插入新员工');
end if;
end securityemp;
涨后的薪水不能少于涨前的薪水
/*
数据的确认
涨后的薪水不能少于涨前的薪水
*/
create or replace trigger checksalary
before update
on emp
for each row
begin
--if 涨后的薪水 < 涨前的薪水 then
if :new.sal < :old.sal then
raise_application_error(-20002,'涨后的薪水不能少于涨前的薪水。涨前:'||:old.sal||' 涨后:'||:new.sal);
end if;
end checksalary;