matplotlib基本绘图
""" 演示matplotlib基础绘图 """ # 导包 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = [2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24] y = [15,13,14.5,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15] # 绘图 # 方法是plot plt.plot(x,y) # 展示图形 plt.show()
matplotlib绘图基本要点
""" # 折线图 ## 设置图片大小 ## 保存到本地 ## 描述信息,例如,x轴、y轴、图表示什么 ## 调整x或者y的刻度的间距 ## 线条的样式(颜色、透明度) ## 标记出特殊的点(例如告诉别人最高点和最低点在哪里) ## 给图片添加水印(防伪) """ # 导包 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = [2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24] y = [15,13,14.5,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15] # 设置图片大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80) # 绘图 # 方法是plot plt.plot(x,y) # 设置x轴和y轴的刻度 # xticks方法也可以传一个列表[] # 注意range(2,26,2)和_xtick_labels的长度必须是一样的,否则会报错 _xtick_labels = ["{}ye".format(i) for i in x] plt.xticks(range(2,26,2),_xtick_labels) plt.yticks(range(min(y),max(y)+1)) # 添加描述信息 plt.xlabel("个数") plt.ylabel("次") plt.title("个数和次之间的关心图") # 绘制网格 # alpha值代表透明度 plt.grid(alpha=0.4) # 保存图片 # 方法是savefig ## 可以保存svg这种矢量格式,放大后不会有锯齿 plt.savefig("./t1.png") # 展示图形 plt.show() 折线图练习
""" matplotlib折线图练习:男女朋友个数 """ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt a = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1] b = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] date = range(11,31) # 设置图片大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80) # 绘图 # 由于是两个人,故作两条折线,因此调用两次plot方法 # 注意:自定义绘制图形风格时,分颜色字符、风格字符 # 颜色字符:r 红色,g 绿色,b 蓝色,w 白色,c 青色,m 洋红,y 黄色,k 黑色 # 风格字符 - 实线,--虚线,-.点划线,:点虚线,''留空或空格 plt.plot(date, a, label="me", color='r', # 线条颜色 linestyle = '--', # 线条风格 linewidth = 5, # 线条粗细 alpha = 0.5 # 透明度 ) plt.plot(date,b,label="friend") # 设置图片信息 plt.xlabel("age") plt.ylabel("numbers") plt.title("numbers of boyfriends or girlfriends") # 设置x轴刻度 _xtick_labels = ["{}years".format(i) for i in date] plt.xticks(date,_xtick_labels) # 绘制网格线,透明度设置较低 plt.grid(alpha=0.4) # 添加图例 plt.legend(loc="upper left") # 保存图片 plt.savefig("./bgfriend.png") # 展示 plt.show()
绘制散点图
""" 演示如何绘制散点图,方法plt.scatter(x,y) """ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt a = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23] b = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6] x_3 = range(1,32) x_10 = range(51,82) # 设置图形大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80) # 绘图,方法是scatter plt.scatter(x_3,a,label="March") plt.scatter(x_10,b,label="October") # 调整x轴的刻度 _x = list(x_3) + list(x_10) _xtick_labels = ["3y{}r".format(i) for i in x_3] _xtick_labels += ["10y{}r".format(i-50) for i in x_10] plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],rotation = 45) # 添加图例 plt.legend(loc="upper left") # 添加描述信息 plt.xlabel("time") plt.ylabel("temperature") plt.title("3yue and 10yue temperature") # 保存 plt.savefig("./temperature.png") # 展示 plt.show()
""" 演示如何绘制条形图 方法是plt.bar(x,y) """ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager # 字体库管理模块 # 黑体 SimHei # 仿宋 FangSong # 楷体 KaiTi # 微软雅黑 Microsoft YaHei # 新宋体 NSimSun # 标楷体 DFKai-SB # 仿宋_GB2312 FangSong_GB2312 # 楷体_GB2312 KaiTi_GB2312 my_font = 'KaiTi' a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5:\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧!爸爸","加勒比海盗5:\n死无对证","金刚:骷髅岛","极限特工:\n终极回归","生化危机6:\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3:\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",] b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] # 设置图形大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80) # 绘图 plt.bar(range(len(a)),b,width=0.5) # 设置x轴的刻度 # range(len(a))用于生成x轴刻度的位置,a用于设置x轴刻度的标签 # fontproperties用于设置刻度标签的字体属性 # rotation讲刻度标签旋转多少度 plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties = my_font,rotation=90) # 保存 plt.savefig("./move.png") # 展示 plt.show()
""" 演示如何绘制条形图加强版(横) 方法是plt.bar(x,y) """ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager # 字体库管理模块 # 黑体 SimHei # 仿宋 FangSong # 楷体 KaiTi # 微软雅黑 Microsoft YaHei # 新宋体 NSimSun # 标楷体 DFKai-SB # 仿宋_GB2312 FangSong_GB2312 # 楷体_GB2312 KaiTi_GB2312 my_font = 'KaiTi' a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5:\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧!爸爸","加勒比海盗5:\n死无对证","金刚:骷髅岛","极限特工:\n终极回归","生化危机6:\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3:\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",] b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] # 设置图形大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80) # 绘图 # 横版的方法是barh # width要改成height plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.5) # 设置x轴的刻度 # range(len(a))用于生成x轴刻度的位置,a用于设置x轴刻度的标签 # fontproperties用于设置刻度标签的字体属性 # rotation讲刻度标签旋转多少度 plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties = my_font) # 添加网格 plt.grid(alpha=0.3) # 保存 plt.savefig("./move.png") # 展示 plt.show()
""" 演示如何绘制多次条形图,多次调用plt.bar()方法 """ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager my_font = 'KaiTi' a = ["猩球崛起3:终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","战狼2"] b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319] b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168] b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362] bar_width = 0.2 x_14 = list(range(len(a))) x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14] x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14] # 设置图片大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi = 80) # 绘图 plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日") plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日") plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日") # 设置图例 plt.legend(prop=my_font) # 设置x轴刻度 plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties = my_font) # 保存图片 plt.savefig("./move2.png") # 展示 plt.show()
""" 演示如何绘制直方图 方法是plt.hist(x,y) # 把数据分为多少组统计? # 组数要适当,太少会有较大的误差 # 组数:将组数分组,当数据在100个以内时,按数据多少常分5-12组 # 组距:每个小组的两个端点之间的距离 # 组数:极差 / 组距(bin_width) """ # 导包 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150] # 计算组数 d = 6 # 组距 num_bins = (max(a)-min(a)) // d print(num_bins) # 设置图形的大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi = 80) # 绘图 # density参数为True时,此时直方图为频率直方图 # density参数为False时,此时直方图为频数直方图 plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True) # 设置x轴的刻度 plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d)) # 网格线 plt.grid(alpha=0.3) # 保存 plt.savefig("./straight.test.png") # 展示 plt.show()