Emacs学习笔记

2012.9.23

先引用一篇文章http://www.douban.com/group/topic/12121637/

http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/，学习elisp

http://www.emacs.uniyar.ac.ru/doc/em24h/，实践

命令大全http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/LCSR-Computing/some-docs/emacs-chart.html

快捷键

C-left 向左移动一个单词

C-right 向右移动一个单词

M-e --- forward-sentence

M-a --- backward-sentence

M-} --- forward-paragraph

M-{ --- backward-paragraph

C-x ] --- forward-page

C-x [ --- backward-page

C-k --- kil-line 去掉所在行光标所在处之后的所有字符

C-w --- kill-region 相当于剪切

C-x i --- insert-file 在当前文件中插入所选文件的所有内容

M-d --- kill-word 删掉光标后的一个单词

M-DEL --- backward-kill-word  删掉光标前的一个单词

C-x C-f --- find-file 打开文件

C-x k --- kill-buffer

C-x C-v --- find-alternate-file

C-x C-s --- save-buffer

C-x C-c --- save-buffers-kill-emacs

C-_ --- undo 相当于撤销，可以撤销undo - -！具体的功能自己实践后才知道，其实这个快捷键也有redo的功能

C-x C-b --- list-buffer buffer列表

C-x b --- switch-to-buffer 切换buffer

C-x k --- kill-buffer

C-x o --- other-window

C-x 0 --- delete-window

C-x 1 --- delete-other-window

C-x 2 --- split-window-vertically

C-x 3 --- split-window-horizontally

C-x > --- scroll-right 将window向右“扯”

C-x < --- scroll-left 将window向左“扯”

C-s --- isearch-forward 搜索不到时输入C-s可从buffer头开始向前再搜一次

C-r --- isearch-backward 搜索不到时输入C-r可从buffer尾开始想后再搜一次

C-g --- If you type characters that aren't found, you need to press C-g twice; otherwise, it is enough to press it once.退出搜索

C-s M-p --- search backward in the history of search string 之后可按上下键切换内容

C-s M-n --- search forward in the history of search string 之后可按上下键切换内容

C-s M-y --- search for some marked text 将复制的内容粘贴入搜索内容中(Caution - Please note that the keybinding for pasting the text onto the search string is M-y and not C-y. C-y does normally mean paste, but not when searching. When searching, C-y means append to the search string all the text from the point to the end of the line.)

C-x C-x --- exchange-dot-and-mark 切换mark和point

M-% --- replace one string with another 之后具体的操作在Emacs可以得到帮助，其中recursive editing，用C-r开启，C-M-c关闭然后继续进行替换。C-]表示彻底退出recursive editing而不继续进行替换

C-h C-h --- 所有帮助命令

C-h c --- discribe-key-briefly 指出指令的含义

C-h k --- discribe-key

C-h b --- all key bindings active at the moment

C-h f --- discribe-function

C-h C-f --- looks up the function in the info pages and, if it exists, it takes you to the location where it is described

M-$ --- exist-ispell-word,按r手动输入单词,按l可以在原基础上补全单词

ispell-region and ispell-buffer ---  not bound to any keys by default,用M-x + 函数名调用

C-x a i l --- add an abbreviation for your current major mode,定义时光标要停在缩写单词后面，定义好之后输入缩写+空格即可看到设置好的拓展名

C-x a i g --- add an abbreviation for all modes

M-x edit-abbrevs --- edit the abbreviations

M-x hippie-expand --- 自动寻找buffer存在的单词并补全

M-t --- transpose-words,交换前后两个单词

C-x C-t --- transpose-lines,交换上下两行

M-l --- downcase-word,使光标后的单词全变为小写

M-u --- upcase-word,使光标后的单词全变为大写

M-c --- capitalize-word,使光标后的单词首字母大写，其他为小写

C-x r k --- kill-rectangle,删除以mark和point为顶点确定的矩形内的内容

C-x r y --- yank-rectangle,粘贴以上删除的内容

C-x r t --- string-rectangle在指定矩形范围内中插入指定内容

C-x ( --- start-kbd-macro

C-x ) --- end-kbd-macro

C-x e --- call-last-kbd-macro

M-x name-last-kbd-macro --- 命名

M-x insert-kbd-macro --- 保存

C-@ --- set-mark-command

C-x q --- kbd-macro-query在定义宏时使用，表示使用宏时进行询问

etags用法(ubuntu下)：

File Format	Extensions
asm	.a, .asm, .def, .inc, .ins, .s, .sa, .src
C	.c, .h*, .cs, .hs
C++	.C, .H, .c++, .cc, .cpp, .cxx, .h++, .hh, .hpp, .hxx, .M, .pdb
COBOL	.COB, .cob
erlang	.erl, .hrl
FORTRAN	.F, .f, .f90, .for
Java	.java
LISP	.cl, .clisp, .el, .l, .lisp, .lsp, .ml
Pascal	.p, .pas
Perl	.pl, .pm
PostScript	.ps
proc	.pc, .m, .lm
Prolog	.prolog
Python	.py
Scheme	.SCM, .SM, .oak, .sch, .scheme, .scm, .sm, .ss, .t
TeX	.TeX, .bib, .clo, .cls, .ltx, .sty, .tex
yacc	.y, .ym

在终端中输入etags+×.后缀，即可创建TAGS文件

M-. --- find-tag

Key	Control	Meta	Control-Meta
a, e	Beginning, end of line	Beginning, end of statement	Beginning, end of function
F, b	Forward, back character	Forward, back word	Forward, back syntactic expression
t	Transpose characters	Transpose words	Transpose syntactic expressions
k	Kill line	Kill sentence	Kill syntactic expression
n, p	Next, previous		Forward, back list
h		Mark paragraph	Mark function
l	Recenter on line		Recenter on function

C-M-h --- mark function

C-M-SPC --- mark syntactic expression

C-x h --- mark whole buffer

C-c C-q --- indent all the lines in the current function

C-c C-a --- auto new line when active

M-x c-toggle-hungry-state --- 开启hungry-delete,用C-c C-d据说可以开启，但我这用不了。。

M-; --- 在最左端加入注释

C-c C-c --- 注释所选region的内容

C-u C-c C-c --- 取消所选region的注释

C-c C-n 和 C-c C-p --- 在预处理命令之间跳转

C-x ` --- 切换编译错误