gcc -pg 选项的使用. gprof使用介绍.

gcc -pg 选项的使用. gprof使用介绍.

一.源文件:

1) 目录结构:

[user:gprof] ls
main.cpp  Makefile

2) 测试文件main.cpp:
[user:gprof] cat main.cpp
/// @file main.cpp
/// @brief
/// @author EastonWoo

/// 0.01
/// @date 2013-04-03
void test3()
{
    int count = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
    {
        count += 1;
    }
}

void test2()
{
    int count = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
    {
        count += 1;
    }
}

void test1()
{
    int count = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        count += 1;
        test2();
    }
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
    {
        test1();
        test3();
    }
    return 0;
}

 

3)

[user:gprof] cat Makefile

all:
 @gcc -g -pg -O0 main.cpp -o main.elf
 @./main.elf
 @gprof ./main.elf gmon.out > report.txt

clean:
 @rm *.elf *.out *.txt -rf

 

二.运行结果:

1) 运行:

[user:gprof] make
[user:gprof] ls
gmon.out  main.cpp  main.elf*  Makefile  report.txt
[user:gprof]

2)结果

[user:gprof] cat report.txt
Flat profile:

Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
  %   cumulative   self              self     total          
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name     // cumulative(单位:seconds) 从大到小.累计的时间;self(单位:seconds)自己运行的时间;self(单位:us)自己运行单次的时间;total(单位:us)自己调别的函数和自己运行单次的时间

 99.54      2.47     2.47  1000000     2.47     2.47  test2()  //test2()被调用了1000000次; 自己总共运行2.47s.自己单次运行2.47us.自己加上调别人函数单次运行2.47us
  0.61      2.48     0.02   100000     0.15     0.15  test3()
  0.20      2.49     0.01   100000     0.05    24.74  test1()   //test1()被调用了100000次; 自己总共运行0.01s.自己单次运行0.05us.自己加上调别人函数单次运行24.74us,注:test2()调了10次. 2.47us * 10 = 24.7us 约等于24.74us

 %         the percentage of the total running time of the
time       program used by this function.

cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
 seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.

 self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
           listing.

calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
           this function is profiled, else blank.
 
 self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
    else blank.

 total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this
    function is profiled, else blank.

name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
           for this listing. The index shows the location of
    the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
    in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
    the gprof listing if it were to be printed.

       Call graph (explanation follows)

granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 0.40% of 2.49 seconds  //调用关系图.

index % time    self  children    called     name
                                                 <spontaneous>
[1]    100.0    0.00    2.49                 main [1]
                0.01    2.47  100000/100000      test1() [2]
                0.02    0.00  100000/100000      test3() [4]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.01    2.47  100000/100000      main [1]
[2]     99.4    0.01    2.47  100000         test1() [2]
                2.47    0.00 1000000/1000000     test2() [3]
-----------------------------------------------
                2.47    0.00 1000000/1000000     test1() [2]
[3]     99.2    2.47    0.00 1000000         test2() [3]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.02    0.00  100000/100000      main [1]
[4]      0.6    0.02    0.00  100000         test3() [4]
-----------------------------------------------

 This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
 the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.

 Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
 index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
 The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
 and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
 This line lists:
     index A unique number given to each element of the table.
  Index numbers are sorted numerically.
  The index number is printed next to every function name so
  it is easier to look up where the function in the table.

     % time This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
  in this function and its children.  Note that due to
  different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
  these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.

     self This is the total amount of time spent in this function.

     children This is the total amount of time propagated into this
  function by its children.

     called This is the number of times the function was called.
  If the function called itself recursively, the number
  only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
  a `+' and the number of recursive calls.

     name The name of the current function.  The index number is
  printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
  cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
  function's name and the index number.

 For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:

     self This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
  from the function into this parent.

     children This is the amount of time that was propagated from
  the function's children into this parent.

     called This is the number of times this parent called the
  function `/' the total number of times the function
  was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
  included in the number after the `/'.

     name This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
  number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
  member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
  the name and the index number.

 If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
 `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
 fields are blank.

 For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:

     self This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
  from the child into the function.

     children This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
  child's children to the function.

     called This is the number of times the function called
  this child `/' the total number of times the child
  was called.  Recursive calls by the child are not
  listed in the number after the `/'.

     name This is the name of the child.  The child's index
  number is printed after it.  If the child is a
  member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed
  between the name and the index number.

 If there are any cycles (circles) in the call graph, there is an
 entry for the cycle-as-a-whole.  This entry shows who called the
 cycle (as parents) and the members of the cycle (as children.)
 The `+' recursive calls entry shows the number of function calls that
 were internal to the cycle, and the calls entry for each member shows,
 for that member, how many times it was called from other members of
 the cycle.

 

Index by function name

   [2] test1()                 [3] test2()                 [4] test3()
[user:gprof]

 

三.另外一种方法(图形化):

[user:gprof] ls
gmon.out  gprof2dot.py*  main.cpp  main.elf*  Makefile  report.txt
[user:gprof] gprof -b ./main.elf | ./gprof2dot.py -n0.5 > report.dot
[user:gprof] ls
gmon.out  gprof2dot.py*  main.cpp  main.elf*  Makefile  report.dot  report.txt
user:gprof] ls
gmon.out  gprof2dot.py*  main.cpp  main.elf*  Makefile  report.dot  report.txt
[user:gprof] xdot report.dot
会调出以下图片(较为直观):

 

gprof2dot.py 工具请在资源里下.