@Resource与@Autowired注解的区别



一、写本博文的原因

年初刚加入到现在的项目时，在使用注解时我用的@Resource。后来，同事：你怎么使用@Resource注解？我：使用它有错吗？同事：没错，但是现在都使用@Autowired。我：我研究一下。

在大学，学习J2EE实训时一直使用的是@Resource注解，后来我就养成习惯了。现在对这两个注解做一下解释：

• @Resource默认按照名称方式进行bean匹配，@Autowired默认按照类型方式进行bean匹配
• @Resource(import
  javax.annotation.Resource;)是J2EE的注解，@Autowired(
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;)是Spring的注解

Spring属于第三方的，J2EE是Java自己的东西。使用@Resource可以减少代码和Spring之间的耦合。

二、@Resource注入

现在有一个接口Human和两个实现类ManImpl、WomanImpl，在service层的一个bean中要引用了接口Human，这种情况处理如下：

接口Human

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service;  
2.   
3. public interface Human {  
4.       
5.     public void speak();  
6.       
7.     public void walk();  
8. }  

实现类ManImpl

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;  
2.   
3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  
4.   
5. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;  
6.   
7. @Service  
8. public class ManImpl implements Human {  
9.   
10.     public void speak() {  
11.         System.out.println(" man speaking!");  
12.   
13.     }  
14.   
15.     public void walk() {  
16.         System.out.println(" man walking!");  
17.   
18.     }  
19.   
20. }  

实现类WomanImpl

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;  
2.   
3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  
4.   
5. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;  
6.   
7. @Service  
8. public class WomanImpl implements Human {  
9.   
10.     public void speak() {  
11.         System.out.println(" woman speaking!");  
12.   
13.     }  
14.   
15.     public void walk() {  
16.         System.out.println(" woman walking!");  
17.   
18.     }  
19.   
20. }  

主调类SequenceServiceImpl

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;  
2.   
3. import java.util.Map;  
4.   
5. import javax.annotation.Resource;  
6.   
7. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  
8.   
9. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;  
10. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;  
11. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;  
12.   
13. @Service  
14. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {  
15.   
16.     @Resource  
17.     private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;  
18.     public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {  
19.         sequenceMapper.generateId(map);  
20.           
21.     }  
22.     //起服务此处会报错  
23.     @Resource  
24.     private Human human;  
25.   
26. }  

这时候启动tomcat会包如下错误：

 

严重: Exception sendingcontext initialized event to listener instance of classorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating beanwith name 'sequenceServiceImpl': Injection of resource dependencies failed;nested exception isorg.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined:expected single matching beanbut found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:311) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:838) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:446) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:328) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4717) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)atorg.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1404) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1394) atjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined: expectedsingle matching bean but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1126) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1014) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:615) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:169) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:308) ...22 more

 

报错的地方给我们提示了:but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl      意思是Human有两个实现类。解决方案如下：

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;  
2.   
3. import java.util.Map;  
4.   
5. import javax.annotation.Resource;  
6.   
7. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  
8.   
9. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;  
10. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;  
11. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;  
12.   
13. @Service  
14. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {  
15.   
16.     @Resource  
17.     private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;  
18.     public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {  
19.         sequenceMapper.generateId(map);  
20.           
21.     }  
22.       
23.     @Resource(name = "manImpl")//注意是manImpl不是ManImpl，因为使用@Service，容器为我们创建bean时默认类名首字母小写  
24.     private Human human;  
25.   
26. }  

这样启动服务就不会报错了。如果是使用的@Autowired注解，要配上@Qualifier("manImpl")，代码如下：

[java]   view plain  copy

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;  
2.   
3. import java.util.Map;  
4.   
5. import javax.annotation.Resource;  
6.   
7. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
8. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;  
9. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  
10.   
11. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;  
12. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;  
13. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;  
14.   
15. @Service  
16. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {  
17.   
18.     @Resource  
19.     private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;  
20.     public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {  
21.         sequenceMapper.generateId(map);  
22.           
23.     }  
24.       
25.     @Autowired  
26.     @Qualifier("manImpl")  
27.     private Human human;  
28.   
29. }  

转载来自： https://blog.csdn.net/wangzuojia001/article/details/54312074