GSON使用实践

首先，我们以一个雅虎天气的json格式信息作为例子

        String url ="https://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q=select%20*%20from%20weather.forecast%20where%20woeid%20in%20(select%20woeid%20from%20geo.places(1)%20where%20text%3D%22nome%2C%20ak%22)&format=json&env=store%3A%2F%2Fdatatables.org%2Falltableswithkeys";
他将会返回如下的信息

{
  "query": {
    "count": 1,
    "created": "2015-11-28T16:01:44Z",
    "lang": "zh-cn",
    "results": {
      "channel": {
        "title": "Yahoo! Weather - Nome, AK",
        "link": "http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weather/Nome__AK/*http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0170_f.html",
        "description": "Yahoo! Weather for Nome, AK",
        "language": "en-us",
        "lastBuildDate": "Sat, 28 Nov 2015 6:16 am AKST",
        "ttl": "60",
        "location": {
          "city": "Nome",
          "country": "United States",
          "region": "AK"
        },
        "units": {
          "distance": "mi",
          "pressure": "in",
          "speed": "mph",
          "temperature": "F"
        },
        "wind": {
          "chill": "17",
          "direction": "90",
          "speed": "22"
        },
        "atmosphere": {
          "humidity": "90",
          "pressure": "29.17",
          "rising": "1",
          "visibility": "9"
        },
        "astronomy": {
          "sunrise": "11:14 am",
          "sunset": "4:22 pm"
        },
        "image": {
          "title": "Yahoo! Weather",
          "width": "142",
          "height": "18",
          "link": "http://weather.yahoo.com",
          "url": "http://l.yimg.com/a/i/brand/purplelogo//uh/us/news-wea.gif"
        },
        "item": {
          "title": "Conditions for Nome, AK at 6:16 am AKST",
          "lat": "64.5",
          "long": "-165.41",
          "link": "http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weather/Nome__AK/*http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0170_f.html",
          "pubDate": "Sat, 28 Nov 2015 6:16 am AKST",
          "condition": {
            "code": "26",
            "date": "Sat, 28 Nov 2015 6:16 am AKST",
            "temp": "30",
            "text": "Cloudy"
          },
          "description": "\n<img src=\"http://l.yimg.com/a/i/us/we/52/26.gif\"/><br />\n<b>Current Conditions:</b><br />\nCloudy, 30 F<BR />\n<BR /><b>Forecast:</b><BR />\nSat - Snow Showers. High: 32 Low: 26<br />\nSun - Cloudy. High: 27 Low: 23<br />\nMon - Partly Cloudy. High: 24 Low: 14<br />\nTue - Mostly Sunny. High: 17 Low: 7<br />\nWed - Partly Cloudy. High: 10 Low: 4<br />\n<br />\n<a href=\"http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weather/Nome__AK/*http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0170_f.html\">Full Forecast at Yahoo! Weather</a><BR/><BR/>\n(provided by <a href=\"http://www.weather.com\" >The Weather Channel</a>)<br/>\n",
          "forecast": [
            {
              "code": "14",
              "date": "28 Nov 2015",
              "day": "Sat",
              "high": "32",
              "low": "26",
              "text": "Snow Showers"
            },
            {
              "code": "26",
              "date": "29 Nov 2015",
              "day": "Sun",
              "high": "27",
              "low": "23",
              "text": "Cloudy"
            },
            {
              "code": "30",
              "date": "30 Nov 2015",
              "day": "Mon",
              "high": "24",
              "low": "14",
              "text": "Partly Cloudy"
            },
            {
              "code": "34",
              "date": "1 Dec 2015",
              "day": "Tue",
              "high": "17",
              "low": "7",
              "text": "Mostly Sunny"
            },
            {
              "code": "30",
              "date": "2 Dec 2015",
              "day": "Wed",
              "high": "10",
              "low": "4",
              "text": "Partly Cloudy"
            }
          ],
          "guid": {
            "isPermaLink": "false",
            "content": "USAK0170_2015_12_02_7_00_AKST"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
我们可以发现，query是root键，里面有很多信息，其中还有以数组形式存在的forecast信息。

现在，就让我们尝试获取预测的天气信息。

gson会将json格式的信息转换成object，但是object的class需要自己定义。

如果遇到小的信息（如forecast），我们还需要定义多个class，用于对应不同的信息。

public class ForecastBean {
    private String date;
    private String text;
    private String temp;
    private String high;
    private String low;
    private String day;

    public String getTemp() {
        return temp;
    }

    public void setTemp(String temp) {
        this.temp = temp;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        this.text = text;
    }

    public String getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    public void setDate(String date) {
        this.date = date;
    }

    public String getHigh() {
        return high;
    }

    public void setHigh(String high) {
        this.high = high;
    }

    public String getLow() {
        return low;
    }

    public void setLow(String low) {
        this.low = low;
    }

    public String getDay() {
        return day;
    }

//    public void setDay(String day) {
//        this.day = day;
//    }
}

由于forecastBean是包含在数组里的，为了清晰，我们再定义一个包含forecastBean的arraylist的类——itemBean

itemBean本应有很多属性的，不过由于这里只需要forecast信息，所以我们就忽略了其他属性

最后，定义整个json信息的类

public class ForecastInfoBean {
    private String description;
    private String lastBuildDate;
    private itemBean item;

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getLastBuildDate() {
        return lastBuildDate;
    }

    public void setLastBuildDate(String lastBuildDate) {
        this.lastBuildDate = lastBuildDate;
    }

    public itemBean getItem() {
        return item;
    }

    public void setItem(itemBean item) {
        this.item = item;
    }
}

如今我们从小到大定义了所有属性，我们在从大到小获取我们想要的信息

我们将api的内容转换成json object

JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(response);
            JSONObject info_object = jsonObject.getJSONObject("query").getJSONObject("results").getJSONObject("channel");
            ForecastInfoBean forecastInfoBean;
            forecastInfoBean = gson.fromJson(info_object.toString(), ForecastInfoBean.class);
            itemBean item = gson.fromJson(info_object.get("item").toString(),itemBean.class);
            ArrayList<ForecastBean> forecastBeans = item.getForecast();

            for (ForecastBean forecastBean:forecastBeans){
                System.out.println(forecastBean.getDate()+"||"+forecastBean.getDay()+"||"+forecastBean.getText());
            }
我们可以看到，用到的关键函数是gson.fromJson(jsonObject)，这样就会返回一个对应的自己定义的class object，并且自定义的属性都会拥有json信息中对应的value。