8.Json

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-11 18:39:08 发布

我就要用HashMap

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-11 18:39:08 发布

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分类专栏： SpringMVC 文章标签： json javascript 前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Edward_He_/article/details/122361447

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JSON 是 JavaScript 对象的字符串表示法，它使用文本表示一个 JS 对象的信息，本质是一个字符串，易于机器解析和生成，并有效地提升网络传输效率

对象表示为键值对，数据由逗号分隔，花括号保存对象，方括号保存数组

var obj = {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}; //这是一个对象，注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的
var json = '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'; //这是一个 JSON 字符串，本质是一个字符串

JSON 和 JavaScript 对象互转

JSON字符串转换为JavaScript 对象，使用 JSON.parse() 方法

var obj = JSON.parse('{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}');

JavaScript 对象转换为JSON字符串，使用 JSON.stringify() 方法

var json = JSON.stringify({a: 'Hello', b: 'World'});

新建Maven项目，添加web支持

导入相关Maven依赖，及静态资源导出处理

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

web.xml配置

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

SpringMVC配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dream.controller"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

在web目录下新建一个 json-1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var user= {
        name:"张三",
        age:21,
        sex:"男"
    };
    var json = JSON.stringify(user);
    console.log(json);
    var obj = JSON.parse(json);
    console.log(obj);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Controller返回JSON数据

导入Jackson依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0</version>
        </dependency>

实体类

package com.dream.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {

    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;

}

Controller

package com.dream.controller;

import com.dream.pojo.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/json1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json01() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        User user = new User("张三", 20, "男");
        String s = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return s;
    }
}

writeValueAsString：jackson的对象映射器将对象解析成为json格式的字符串

注意：@RestController和@ResponseBody不走视图解析器

配置Tomcat ，启动测试发现乱码

设置编码格式为utf-8以及返回类型

@RequestMapping(value = "/json1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")

代码优化

在springmvc的配置文件上添加一段消息StringHttpMessageConverter转换配置统一解决乱码问题

<mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

在类上直接使用 @RestController ，里面所有的方法都只会返回 json 字符串

集合输出

@RequestMapping("/json2")
    public String json02() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
        User user1 = new User("张三1", 20, "男");
        User user2 = new User("张三2", 20, "男");
        User user3 = new User("张三3", 20, "男");
        User user4 = new User("张三4", 20, "男");
        User user5 = new User("张三5", 20, "男");
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        userList.add(user3);
        userList.add(user4);
        userList.add(user5);
        String s = mapper.writeValueAsString(userList);
        return s;
    }

输出时间对象

@RequestMapping("/json3")
    public String json03() throws JsonProcessingException {

        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        Date date = new Date();
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(date);
        return str;
    }

Jackson 默认是会把时间转成时间戳timestamps形式

我们可以自定义时间格式

@RequestMapping("/json4")
    public String json04() throws JsonProcessingException {
        
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
        Date date = new Date();
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(date);
        return str;
    
    }

抽取为工具类

package com.dream.utils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

public class JsonUtils {
    public static String getJson(Object object) {
        return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    }

    public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat) {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //不使用时间差的方式
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        //自定义日期格式对象
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
        //指定日期格式
        mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

 @RequestMapping("/json5")
    public String json5() throws JsonProcessingException {
        Date date = new Date();
        String json = JsonUtils.getJson(date);
        return json;
    }

FastJson

引入fastjson依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.78</version>
        </dependency>

fastjson 三个主要的类：

JSONObject（json对象）

JSONArray（ json对象数组）

JSON（JSONObject和JSONArray的转化）

package com.dream.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.dream.pojo.User;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class FastJsonDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        User user1 = new User("张三1号", 3, "男");
        User user2 = new User("张三2号", 3, "男");
        User user3 = new User("张三3号", 3, "男");
        User user4 = new User("张三4号", 3, "男");
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        list.add(user4);

        System.out.println("*******Java对象 转 JSON字符串*******");
        String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(list);
        System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(list)==>"+str1);
        String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1);
        System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(user1)==>"+str2);

        System.out.println("\n****** JSON字符串 转 Java对象*******");
        User jp_user1=JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class);
        System.out.println("JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class)==>"+jp_user1);

        System.out.println("\n****** Java对象 转 JSON对象 ******");
        JSONObject jsonObject1 = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2);
        System.out.println("(JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2)==>"+jsonObject1);

        System.out.println("\n****** JSON对象 转 Java对象 ******");
        User to_java_user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class);
        System.out.println("JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class)==>"+to_java_user);
    }
}

我就要用HashMap

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8.Json

JSON 是 JavaScript 对象的字符串表示法，它使用文本表示一个 JS 对象的信息，本质是一个字符串，易于机器解析和生成，并有效地提升网络传输效率对象表示为键值对，数据由逗号分隔，花括号保存对象，方括号保存数组var obj = {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}; //这是一个对象，注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的var json = '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'; //这是一个 JSON 字符串，本质是一个字符串JSON 和 JavaScr
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