ListView是Android开发中最常用也最难用的控件,我们每天用手机时都会用到这个控件。比如说查看手机联系人列表,刷微博等等,都是通过ListView实现的。
- 首先,在布局中加入ListView控件
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</ListView>
很简单对吧!
- 修改MainActivity中的代码,如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
private String[] data ={"Apple","Banana","Orange","WaterMelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(
MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data
);
ListView listView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
说明:数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的,我们需要借助适配器来完成。其中的ArrayAdapter有多个构造函数的重载,由于我们提供的数据都是字符串类型,因此将ArrayAdapter的泛型指定为String。
ArrayAdapter的构造函数中需传入三个参数,它们依次是当前上下文,ListView子项布局的id,要适配的数据。其中,我们使用android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1作为ListView子项布局的id,它是一个android内置的布局文件,里面只有一个TextView,可用于简单地显示一段文本。
最后,我们调用了ListView的setAdapter()方法,这样就建立起了ListView和数据之间的关联。
- 如果一个ListView只能显示一段文本,就略显单调。于是我们先准备好一组图片,与上面的水果一一对应。
①然后,我们定义一个实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型。新建Fruit类,代码如下:
public class Fruit {
private String name;//name表示水果的名字
private int imageId;//imageId表示水果对应图片的资源id
public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
this.name= name;
this.imageId= imageId;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getImageId(){
return imageId;
}
}
②需要为ListView的子项制定一个我们自定义的布局,在layout目录下新建fruit_item.xml,代码如下:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dip"/>
</LinearLayout>
③接下来,我们需要创建一个自定义的适配器,它继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为FruitAdapter。代码如下:
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
resourceId=textViewResourceId;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit =getItem(position);//获取当前项的fruit实例
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
关于这段代码的详细介绍请参考《第一行代码——android》第136页。
④最后,我们修改MainActivity中的代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<Fruit>();
/*private String[] data ={"Apple","Banana","Orange","WaterMelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
/* ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(
MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data
);*/
ListView listView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
private void initFruits(){
Fruit apple=new Fruit("Apple",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana=new Fruit("Banana",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit pear=new Fruit("Pear",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape=new Fruit("Grape",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit orange=new Fruit("Orange",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon=new Fruit("Watermelon",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pineapple=new Fruit("Pineapple",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry=new Fruit("Strawberry",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry=new Fruit("Cherry",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango=new Fruit("Mango",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(mango);
Fruit peach=new Fruit("Peach",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(peach);
Fruit blueberry=new Fruit("Blueberry",R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(blueberry);
}
}