JavaWeb-JSP

JSP作用

JSP全称为Java Server Pages即Java服务器页面,主要作用是代替Servlet程序回传HTML页面的数据,因为Servlet程序回传HTML页面数据非常繁琐,开发成本和维护成本较高。

package com.pero.jsp.jsp_javaweb;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class PringHtml extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过响应流回传html页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n");
        writer.write("<html lang=\"en\">\r\n");
        writer.write("<head>\r\n");
        writer.write("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n");
        writer.write("<title>Title</title>\r\n");
        writer.write("</head>\r\n");
        writer.write("<body>\r\n");
        writer.write("这是html界面\r\n");
        writer.write("</body>\r\n");
        writer.write("</html>\r\n");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>PringHtml</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.pero.jsp.jsp_javaweb.PringHtml</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>PringHtml</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/pringhtml</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

创建jsp文件流程:在webapp文件夹下new->JSP/JSPX

jsp页面的访问和html页面一样,都是存放在web目录下

a.html页面访问方式:http://ip:port/工程路径/a.html

b.jsp页面访问方式:http://ip:port/工程路径/b.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 19:52
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    a.jsp页面
</body>
</html>

JSP本质

jsp页面本质是一个Servlet程序。第一次访问jsp页面的时候,Tomcat服务器会把jsp页面翻译成一个java源文件,并对其进行编译成为.class字节码程序,其内容如下:

在源码中HttpJspBase类直接继承了HttpServlet类,那么jsp翻译出来的java类简介继承了HttpServlet类,也就是说jsp是一个Servlet程序,在底层也是通过响应流把html页面数据回传给客户端。

/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/10.0.27
 * Generated at: 2023-03-13 12:14:23 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.jsp.*;

public final class a_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("jakarta.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("jakarta.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("jakarta.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile jakarta.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public jakarta.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, jakarta.servlet.ServletException {

    if (!jakarta.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
      final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
      if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
      if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
    }

    final jakarta.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final jakarta.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final jakarta.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("    a.jsp页面\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof jakarta.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

JSP的page指令

jsp的page指令可以修改jsp页面中一些重要的属性或行为。

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

①language属性:表示jsp翻译后是什么语言文件,目前只支持java

②contentType属性:表示jsp返回的数据类型是什么,在源码中是response.setContentType()的参数值

③pageEncoding属性:表示当前jsp页面文件本身的字符集

④import属性:和java原码相同用于导入包或者类

⑤autoFlush属性:设置当out输出缓冲区满后是否自动刷新缓冲区,默认值是true

⑥buffer属性:设置out输出缓冲区的大小,默认值为8kb

        ★当缓冲区溢出时报错:

java.io.IOException: 错误:JSP缓冲区溢出
	org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspWriterImpl.bufferOverflow(JspWriterImpl.java:151)
	org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspWriterImpl.write(JspWriterImpl.java:330)
	java.base/java.io.Writer.write(Writer.java:249)
	org.apache.jsp.a_jsp._jspService(a_jsp.java:163)
	org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
	jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:792)
	org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:466)
	org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:380)
	org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:328)
	jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:792)
	org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)

⑦errorPage属性:设置当jsp运行出错时,会自动跳转到该属性配置的页面路径

⑧isErrorPage属性:设置当前jsp页面是否是错误信息页面,默认为false,如果为true可以获取异常信息

java.lang.Throwable exception = org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.getThrowable(request);

⑨session属性:设置访问当前jsp页面是否会创建HttpSession对象,默认是true。

⑩extends属性:设置jsp翻译出来的java类默认继承谁。

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 19:52
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="utf-8"
         autoFlush="true"
         buffer="8kb"
         errorPage="/error500.jsp"
         session="true"
         language="java" %>
<!-- errorPage表示出现错误后自动跳转去的路径
        这个路径一般是/斜杠打头,表示请求地址为:http://ip:port/工程路径/
        映射到代码的Web目录
-->
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    a.jsp页面
    <%
      int i = 10/0;
    %>
    <view>a.jsp页面</view>
</body>
</html>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 20:09
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    b.jsp页面
</body>
</html>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 20:45
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"
         isErrorPage="true"
         language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    抱歉,您访问的页面服务器出现错误,正在努力为您抢修!!
</body>
</html>

JSP常用脚本

声明脚本

声明脚本的格式是:<%!        声明java代码        %>

作用:可以给jsp翻译出来的java类定义属性和方法甚至是静态代码块以及内部类等。

<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 21:01
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--1.声明类属性--%>
<%!
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private static Map<String, Object> map;
%>
<%--2.声明static静态代码块--%>
<%!
    static {
        map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("key0", "value0");
        map.put("key1", "value1");
        map.put("key2", "value2");
        map.put("key3", "value3");
        map.put("key4", "value4");
    }
%>
<%--3.声明类方法--%>
<%!
    public int TestInt() {
        return 1;
    }
%>
<%--4.声明内部类--%>
<%!
    public static class Test{
        private Integer id = 1;
        private String name = "pero";
    }
%>
</body>
</html>
/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/10.0.27
 * Generated at: 2023-03-13 13:16:03 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

public final class test_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {


    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private static Map<String, Object> map;


    static {
        map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("key0", "value0");
        map.put("key1", "value1");
        map.put("key2", "value2");
        map.put("key3", "value3");
        map.put("key4", "value4");
    }


    public int TestInt() {
        return 1;
    }


    public static class Test{
        private Integer id = 1;
        private String name = "pero";
    }

    .....
}

表达式脚本

表达式脚本的格式:<%=        表达式        %>

作用:在jsp页面上输出数据

表达式脚本特点:

1.所有的表达式脚本都会被翻译到_jspService()方法中

2.表达式脚本都会被翻译成为out.print()输出到页面上

3.由于表达式脚本翻译的内容都在_jspService()方法中,所以_jspService()方法中的对象都可以直接使用

4.表达式脚本中的表达式不能以分号结尾

<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 21:20
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%!
    private static Map<String, Object> map;
%>
<%!
    static {
        map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("key", "value");
    }
%>
<%--1.输出整型--%>
<%=
12
%><br>
<%--2.输出浮点型--%>
<%=
12.12
%><br>
<%--3.输出字符串型--%>
<%=
"字符串"
%><br>
<%--4.输出对象--%>
<%=
map
%><br>
<%=
request.getParameter("username")
%>
</body>
</html>

代码脚本

代码脚本格式:<%        java语句        %>

代码脚本的作用:可以在jsp页面中编写我们自己需要的功能(写的是java语句)。

代码脚本特点:

1.代码脚本翻译后都在_jspService()方法中

2.代码脚本由于翻译到_jspService()方法中,所以_jspService()方法中的现有对象都可以直接使用

3.可以有多个代码脚本块组合成一个完整的java语句

4.代码脚本还可以和表达式脚本一起组合使用,在jsp页面上输出数据

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/13
  Time: 21:42
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--1.代码脚本=》if语句--%>
<%
    int i = 12;
    if (i == 12) {
%>
<%="我喜欢java语言"%>
<%
} else {
%>
<%="我喜欢java语言too"%>
<%
    }
%><br>
<%--2.代码脚本=》for循环语句--%>
<%
    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
%>
<%
        System.out.println(j);
    }
%>
<%--3.翻译后java文件中_jspService()方法内的代码都可以写--%>
<%
    String username = request.getParameter("username");
    System.out.println("用户名请求参数:" + username);
%>
<%
    String name = "pero";
%>
<%=name%><br>

<table>
    <%
        for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
    %>
    <tr>
        <td>第<%= j + 1%>行</td>
    </tr>
    <%
        }
    %>
</table>
</body>
</html>

JSP中的三种注释

1.html注释:html注释会被翻译到java源代码中,在_jspService方法中以out.write输出到客户端

    test4.jsp页面
    <!-- html注释 -->
out.write("    test4.jsp页面\r\n");
out.write("    <!-- html注释 -->\r\n");

2.java注释:java注释会被翻译到java源代码中。

<%
    //单行注释
    /*  多行java注释    */
%>
    //单行注释
    /*  多行java注释    */

3.jsp注释:jsp注释可以注释掉jsp页面中所有代码

<%-- jsp注释 --%>

jsp中的九大内置对象

jsp中的内置对象是指Tomcat在翻译jsp页面成为Servlet源代码后,内部提供的九大对象。

public void _jspService(final jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, jakarta.servlet.ServletException {

    final jakarta.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    java.lang.Throwable exception = org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.getThrowable(request);
    if (exception != null) {
      response.setStatus(jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
    final jakarta.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final jakarta.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    jakarta.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;

①request:请求对象

②response:响应对象

③pageContext:jsp的上下文对象

④session:会话对象

⑤application:ServletContext对象

⑥config:ServletConfig对象

⑦out:jsp输出流对象

⑧page:指向当前jsp的对象

⑨exception:异常对象

jsp域对象

①pageContext(PageContextimpl类)当前jsp页面范围内有效

②request(HttpServletRequest类)一次请求内有效

③session(HttpSession类)一次会话范围内有效(打开浏览器访问服务器,直到关闭浏览器)

④application(ServletContext类)整个Web工程范围内都有效(只要web公里内工程不停止数据都在)

域对象是可以像Map一样存取数据的对象,四个域对象功能一样,不同的是它们对数据的存取范围。

四个域对象在使用的时候的优先顺序分别是(从小到大的范围):

pageContext        ->        request        ->        session        ->        application

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 8:45
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>scope.jsp页面</h1>
<%
    //往四个域中保存数据
    pageContext.setAttribute("key", "pageContext");
    request.setAttribute("key", "request");
    session.setAttribute("key", "session");
    application.setAttribute("key", "application");
%>
pageContext域值为:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("key")%><br>
request域值为:<%=request.getAttribute("key")%><br>
session域值为:<%=session.getAttribute("key")%><br>
application域值为:<%=application.getAttribute("key")%><br>
<%
    request.getRequestDispatcher("/scope2.jsp").forward(request,response);
%>
</body>
</html>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 8:45
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>scope.jsp页面</h1>
    pageContext域值为:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("key")%><br>
    request域值为:<%=request.getAttribute("key")%><br>
    session域值为:<%=session.getAttribute("key")%><br>
    application域值为:<%=application.getAttribute("key")%><br>
</body>
</html>

JSP-out和response输出的区别

response中表示响应,常用于设置返回给客户端的内容(输出);out也是给用户做输出使用。

out.write()代码的数据保存在out缓冲区,response.getWriter().write()保存在response缓冲区。

    <%
        out.write("out输出1   <br/>");
        out.write("out输出2   <br/>");
        response.getWriter().write("response输出① <br/>");
        response.getWriter().write("response输出② <br/>");
    %>
        out.write("out输出1   <br/>");
        out.write("out输出2   <br/>");
        response.getWriter().write("response输出① <br/>");
        response.getWriter().write("response输出② <br/>");

展示效果:

response输出①
response输出②

out输出1
out输出2

<%
        out.write("out输出1   <br/>");
        out.flush();
        out.write("out输出2   <br/>");

        response.getWriter().write("response输出① <br/>");

        response.getWriter().write("response输出② <br/>");
    %>
        out.write("out输出1   <br/>");
        out.flush();
        out.write("out输出2   <br/>");

        response.getWriter().write("response输出① <br/>");
        
        response.getWriter().write("response输出② <br/>");

展示效果:

out输出1
response输出①
response输出②
out输出2

当jsp页面中所有代码块执行完成后会做以下两个操作:

1.执行out.flush()操作,会把out缓冲区中的数据追加写入到response缓冲区末尾

2.会执行response的刷新操作,把全部数据写给客户端

由于jsp翻译之后底层源码都是使用out来进行输出,所以一般情况下我们在jsp页面中统一使用out进行输出,避免打乱输出内容的顺序。

out.write()输出字符串没有问题;

out.print()输出任意数据没有问题(都转换成字符串后调用write输出);

在jsp页面中可以统一使用out.print()进行输出。

常用标签

静态包含

一个网页中包括:

1.网站导航条、菜单、轮播广告、用户登录信息、天气信息等等

2.页面主题内容

3.加入我们、友情链接、联系我们、版权归属等等

为了更好维护,希望一个单独的jsp页面只维护一份,修改一处其他都统一被修改,采用包含引入的方法。

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 21:01
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
头部信息<br>
主题内容<br>
<%-- <%@include file=""%>为静态包含
    file属性指定所包含的jsp页面的路径
    地址中第一个/表示http://ip:port/工程路径/  映射到代码的web目录
    静态包含的特点:
    ①静态包含不会翻译被包含的jsp页面
    ②静态包含其实是把被包含的jsp页面的代码拷贝到包含的位置执行输出
    --%>
<%@include file="/footer.jsp"%>
</body>
</html>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 21:02
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
页脚信息<br>
</body>
</html>
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("头部信息<br>\r\n");
      out.write("主题内容<br>\r\n");
      out.write('\r');
      out.write('\n');
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("页脚信息<br>\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");

动态包含

底层原理:

在main2.jsp页面中存在九大内置对象,在footer.jsp页面中存在九大内置对象

main2.jsp通过JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "/footer.jsp" + "?" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("username", request.getCharacterEncoding())+ "=" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("root1", request.getCharacterEncoding()) + "&" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("password", request.getCharacterEncoding())+ "=" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("root2", request.getCharacterEncoding()), out, false);

把自己的request、response、out等对象传递给了footer.jsp使用,在out缓冲区中,out.write()输出的信息经过统一拼接后,刷新并传递给response缓冲区

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 21:01
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
头部信息<br>
主题内容<br>
<%-- <jsp:include page=""></jsp:include>为动态包含
    page属性是指定包含的jsp页面的路径
    动态包含也可以向静态包含一样,把被包含的内容执行输出到包含位置
    动态包含的特点:
    1.动态包含会把包含的jsp页面也都翻译成java代码
    2.动态包含底层代码使用如下代码去调用被包含的jsp页面执行输出:
     org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "/footer.jsp", out, false);
    3.动态包含还可以传递参数
    --%>
<jsp:include page="/footer.jsp">
    <jsp:param name="username" value="root1"/>
    <jsp:param name="password" value="root2"/>
</jsp:include>
</body>
</html>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 21:02
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
页脚信息<br>
<%=request.getParameter("password")%>
</body>
</html>
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("头部信息<br>\r\n");
      out.write("主题内容<br>\r\n");
      out.write('\r');
      out.write('\n');
      org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "/footer.jsp", out, false);
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");

请求转发

<%-- <jsp:forward page=""></jsp:forward>为请求转发
    page属性设置请求转发的路径
    --%>
<jsp:forward page="/scope2.jsp"></jsp:forward>

请求转发应用说明

客户端:关键字搜索        ->        SearchStudentServlet程序(1.获取请求参数;2.发送sql语句到数据库去查询信息;3.保存查询信息到学生信息,保存到request域中)        ->        showStudent.jsp(专门用来显示学生数据,遍历查询到的结果输出给客户端显示)        ->        客户端显示查询信息

★必须由客户端发请求给servlet,不可以直接访问jsp文件

Listener监听器

Listener监听器是JavaWeb的三大组件之一,三大组件分别为Servlet程序、Filter过滤器、Listener监听器;Listener监听器是JavaEE的规范,也就是接口;监听器的作用是监听某些事物的变化,然后通过回调函数,反馈给客户(程序)去做相应的处理

ServletContextListener监听器

ServletContextListener可以监听ServletContext对象的创建和销毁。

ServletContext对象在web工程启动的时候创建,在web工程停止的时候销毁。

监听到创建和销毁之后都会分别调用SevletContextListener监听器的方法反馈。

两个方法分别为:

public interface ServletContextListener extends EventListener {

    //在ServletContext对象创建之后马上调用做初始化
    default void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {

    }

    //在ServletContext对象销毁之后调用
    default void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {

    }
}
package com.pero.jsp.listener;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("ServletContext被创建");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("ServletContext被销毁");
    }
}
<!--  配置监听器  -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.pero.jsp.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

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