进程间通讯之内存共享（实例）

内存共享概念可以参考前面《进程间通讯之概念》

1、shmget

     通过键值创建或获取共享ID

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>

#define    MEM_SIZE     4096

int main(void)
{
    int   ret,shmid;
    key_t key;
    //key=ftok();
    key=0x666;
    
    //shmid=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,MEM_SIZE,0600); //create
    //如果不存创建  存在报错
    //shmid=shmget(key,MEM_SIZE,IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL |0600);
    //不存创建新 存在获取现有的
    shmid=shmget(key,MEM_SIZE,IPC_CREAT|0600);
    if(shmid==-1)//error
    {
       perror("shmget");
       return 1;
    }
    printf("create or get mem id:%d\n",shmid);

    struct shmid_ds buf;
    ret=shmctl(shmid,IPC_STAT,&buf);
    if(ret==-1)   return -1;//error
    printf("size:%d nattch:%d\n",buf.shm_segsz,buf.shm_nattch);
    
    getchar();
    printf("====del share mem=====\n");
    shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL);//删除
    return 0;
}

2、shmat（写入共享数据）

     把需要共享的内容写入对应的共享地址

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#define    MEM_SIZE     4096//共享内容的字节数

int show_shminfo(int shmid);

int main(void)
{
    int   ret,shmid;
    
    shmid=shmget(0x666,MEM_SIZE,IPC_CREAT|0600);//0x666为标识键值
    if(shmid==-1)//error
    {
       perror("shmget");
       return 1;
    }
    printf("create or get mem id:%d\n",shmid);
    show_shminfo(shmid);

    void *addr;
    addr=shmat(shmid,NULL,0);//返回共享的地址
    if(addr==(void *)-1)
    {
       perror("shmat");
       return 1;
    }
    printf("addr:%p\n",addr);

    show_shminfo(shmid);

    strcpy(addr,"Hello Eikis,Just A TEST!");

    shmdt(addr);  
    return 0;
}
int show_shminfo(int shmid)
{
    struct shmid_ds buf;
    int ret;

    ret=shmctl(shmid,IPC_STAT,&buf);
    if(ret==-1)   return -1;//error
    printf("size:%d nattch:%d\n",buf.shm_segsz,buf.shm_nattch);
 } 

3、shmat(读取共享数据)

把共享的数据获取出来

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>

#define    MEM_SIZE     4096

int show_shminfo(int shmid);

int main(void)
{
    int   ret,shmid;
    
    shmid=shmget(0x666,MEM_SIZE,IPC_CREAT|0600);
    if(shmid==-1)//error
    {
       perror("shmget");
       return 1;
    }
    printf("create or get mem id:%d\n",shmid);
    show_shminfo(shmid);

    void *addr;
    addr=shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
    if(addr==(void *)-1)
    {
       perror("shmat");
       return 1;
    }
    printf("addr:%p\n",addr);

    show_shminfo(shmid);

    char buf[128];
    strcpy(buf,addr);
    printf("buf:%s\n",buf);

    strcpy(addr,"oooooooooooooooooooooooo");
    shmdt(addr);  
    return 0;
}
int show_shminfo(int shmid)
{
    struct shmid_ds buf;
    int ret;

    ret=shmctl(shmid,IPC_STAT,&buf);
    if(ret==-1)   return -1;//error
    printf("size:%d nattch:%d\n",buf.shm_segsz,buf.shm_nattch);
 }