iterparse中的events参数start和end的用法

简而言之，events中选取 start 或者 end 事件，主要在于自己打算:

“首先访问外层 elements” or

“首先访问内层 elements”。

举例如下，对于如下 xml ：

<level-1>
    <level-2-1>
        <level-3-1></level-3-1>
        <level-3-2></level-3-2>
    </level-2-1>
    <level-2-2>
        <level-3-3></level-3-3>
        <level-3-4></level-3-4>
    </level-2-2>
</level-1>

如果选取 start 事件来parse：

from lxml.etree import iterparse

with open('foo.xml', 'r') as xml:
    for event, element in iterparse(xml, events=['start']):
        print(element.tag)

则获得“首先访问外层 elements”的结果：

level-1
level-2-1
level-3-1
level-3-2
level-2-2
level-3-3
level-3-4

如果选取 end 事件来parse：

with open('foo.xml', 'r') as xml:
    for event, element in iterparse(xml, events=['end']):
        print(element.tag)

则获得“首先访问内层 elements”的结果：

level-3-1
level-3-2
level-2-1
level-3-3
level-3-4
level-2-2
level-1

以这样的一个xml为例

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="china">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="hangkong">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

如果我把参数改成events=(‘start’,’end’),结果是这样的：

<Element 'data' at 0x5d11828>
('start', <Element 'data' at 0x5d116a0>)
('start', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11c88>)
('start', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11cc0>)
('end', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11cc0>)
('start', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11d30>)
('end', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11d30>)
('start', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11d68>)
('end', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11d68>)
('start', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11da0>)
('end', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11da0>)
('start', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11dd8>)
('end', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11dd8>)
('end', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11c88>)
('start', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11e10>)
('start', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11e48>)
('end', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11e48>)
('start', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11e80>)
('end', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11e80>)
('start', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11eb8>)
('end', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11eb8>)
('start', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11ef0>)
('end', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x5d11ef0>)
('end', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11e10>)
('start', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11f28>)
('start', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11f60>)
('end', <Element 'rank' at 0x5d11f60>)
('start', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11f98>)
('end', <Element 'year' at 0x5d11f98>)
('start', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11fd0>)
('end', <Element 'gdppc' at 0x5d11fd0>)
('start', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x43a3390>)
('end', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x43a3390>)
('start', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x43a3cc0>)
('end', <Element 'neighbor' at 0x43a3cc0>)
('end', <Element 'country' at 0x5d11f28>)
('end', <Element 'data' at 0x5d116a0>)

start就是一个标签的开始，end就是一个标签的结尾，当你用（‘start’，‘end’）同时作为参数时，那iterparse在见到data的时候会产生一个start 的elem，见到data会产生一个‘end’elem

P.S. events 参数的默认值为[‘end’]，即默认首先访问内层elements。

使用iterparse返回的是一个可迭代的(event,element)元组流。

注：本文内容源自优达学城论坛，感谢andy.li和bbikks的精彩回答。我的优达学城优惠码是：C7B2877A

关于iterparse的详细介绍可以参考此文档：iterpasrse Function

关于ElementTree介绍可以参考此链接：ElementTree官方文档翻译