ThreadLocal：原理 + get + set

什么是ThreadLocal?

ThreadLocal提供了线程局部变量，不同线程往ThreadLocal中读写数据的时候是线程隔离的，也就是说线程间是互不影响的。当一个变量需要进行线程隔离的时候，我们就可以考虑使用ThreadLocal。

ThreadLocal的数据存在哪？

每个线程内都绑定了ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap，而ThreadLocalMap内部的Entry是ThreadLocal实际存储数据的地方。

class Thread implements Runnable {
    
    // 省略了Thread类的其它代码

    /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
     * by the ThreadLocal class. */
    // 和此线程有关的ThreadLocal的值
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

    /*
     * InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is
     * maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.
     */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
}

ThreadLocal的set()方法：

public void set(T value) {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    // 第一次getMap的时候，map都为null
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null)
        map.set(this, value);
    else
        createMap(t, value);
}

void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
    t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}

ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
    table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
    int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
    table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
    size = 1;
    setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}

// Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in InheritableThreadLocal.
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
    // ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
    return t.threadLocals;
}

ThreadLocal.get方法

1. 获取当前正在执行的线程

2. 获取当前线程相关的ThreadLocalMap对象

3. ThreadLocalMap对象不为null时，获取ThreadLocalMap静态内部类对象Entry，也即实际存储ThreadLocal值的对象，并从Entry对象中获取存储的值

4. ThreadLocalMap对象null时，获取默认值

    public T get() {
        // 获取当前正在执行的线程
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        // 获取当前线程相关的ThreadLocalMap对象
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            // 获取ThreadLocalMap内部类Entry对象，并获取存储的值
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        // 不存在
        return setInitialValue();
    }

    private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }