以字符为单位获取数据的流,称为字符流,它们都继承于Reader/Writer抽象类。
常用的字符流有:
FileReader/FileWriter,文件字符流(节点流)
BufferedReader/BufferedWriter,字符缓存流(处理流)
InputStreamReader/OutputStreamWriter,转换流(处理流)
BufferedReader/BufferedWriter,字符缓存流(处理流),与BufferedInputStream/BufferedOutputStream类似,增加了缓存机制,大大提高了读写文本文件的效率。
BufferedReader/BufferedWriter也可以对FileReader/FileWriter进行装饰,然后继续使用read()方法。
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File f1=new File("d:/a.txt");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f1));
//可以按行去读取
String line= br.readLine();//一直读取,直到读取到了换行符为止
System.out.println(line);
String line1= br.readLine();
System.out.println(line1);
//读取到最后一行在读取获取的是null
String line2= br.readLine();
System.out.println(line2);
}
案例
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File f1=new File("d:/a.txt");
File f2=new File("d:/copy.txt");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f1));
BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(f2));
long start=-System.currentTimeMillis();
int n;
while ((n = br.read()) != -1) {
bw.write(n);
}
long stop=System.currentTimeMillis();
bw.flush();
br.close();
bw.close();
System.out.println("缓冲流文件复制耗时:"+(stop-start));
System.out.println("==========================");
//使用字符读写流完成文件复制
FileReader fr=new FileReader(f1);
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(f2);
long start1=System.currentTimeMillis();
int n1;
char[] ch=new char[10];//字符流,数据以字符数组为单位
while ((n1 = fr.read(ch)) != -1) {
fw.write(ch,0,n1);
}
long stop1=System.currentTimeMillis();
fw.flush();
System.out.println("缓冲流文件复制耗时:"+(stop1-start1));
//关闭流,释放资源
fr.close();
fw.close();
}