Computing the exact number of ways that N things can be taken M at a time can be a great challenge when N and/or M become very large. Challenges are the stuff of contests. Therefore, you are to make just such a computation given the following:
GIVEN: 5 <= N <= 100; 5 <= M <= 100; M <= N
Compute the EXACT value of: C = N! / (N-M)!M!
You may assume that the final value of C will fit in a 32-bit Pascal LongInt or a C long. For the record, the exact value of 100! is:
93,326,215,443,944,152,681,699,238,856,266,700,490,715,968,264,381,621, 468,592,963,895,217,599,993,229,915,608,941,463,976,156,518,286,253, 697,920,827,223,758,251,185,210,916,864,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Input
GIVEN: 5 <= N <= 100; 5 <= M <= 100; M <= N
Compute the EXACT value of: C = N! / (N-M)!M!
You may assume that the final value of C will fit in a 32-bit Pascal LongInt or a C long. For the record, the exact value of 100! is:
93,326,215,443,944,152,681,699,238,856,266,700,490,715,968,264,381,621, 468,592,963,895,217,599,993,229,915,608,941,463,976,156,518,286,253, 697,920,827,223,758,251,185,210,916,864,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
The input to this program will be one or more lines each containing zero or more leading spaces, a value for N, one or more spaces, and a value for M. The last line of the input file will contain a dummy N, M pair with both values equal to zero. Your program should terminate when this line is read.
Output
The output from this program should be in the form:
N things taken M at a time is C exactly.
Sample Input
N things taken M at a time is C exactly.
100 6 20 5 18 6 0 0Sample Output
100 things taken 6 at a time is 1192052400 exactly. 20 things taken 5 at a time is 15504 exactly. 18 things taken 6 at a time is 18564 exactly.
题意:就是求组合数。
题解:我是直接套公式做的,但是对公式化了简,把N!和!(N-M)约去了一部分然后直接就求出来了。
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
double N,M;
double i;
double sum = 1;
while(scanf("%lf%lf",&N,&M) && N)
{
sum = 1;
for(i = N - M + 1;i <= N ;i++)
{
sum *= i;
}
for(i = 1;i <= M;i++)
{
sum /= i;
}
printf("%.0f things taken %.0f at a time is %.0f exactly.\n",N,M,sum);
}
return 0;
}