zabbix监控脑裂
目录
脑裂
在高可用（HA）系统中，当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时，本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统，就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系，都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样，争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”，就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、两边“服务”都起不来了；或者两边“服务”都起来了，但同时读写“共享存储”，导致数据损坏（常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错）。
1、对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策，目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条：
（1）添加冗余的心跳线，例如：双心跳线（心跳线也HA），尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率；
（2）启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘，“裂脑”发生时，让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题，如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”，另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃，就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即：正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开（察觉不到对端）时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了
（3）设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP（如网关IP），当心跳线完全断开时，2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP，不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了，即使启动（或继续）应用服务也没有用了，那就主动放弃竞争，让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些，ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启，以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源
脑裂产生的原因
一般来说，脑裂的发生，有以下几种原因：
（1）高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障，导致无法正常通信
（2）因心跳线坏了（包括断了，老化）
（3）因网卡及相关驱动坏了，ip配置及冲突问题（网卡直连）
（4）因心跳线间连接的设备故障（网卡及交换机）
（5）因仲裁的机器出问题（采用仲裁的方案）
（6）高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输
（7）高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确，导致发送心跳失败
（8）其他服务配置不当等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等
对脑裂的监控应在备用服务器上进行，通过添加zabbix自定义监控进行。
监控什么信息呢？监控备上有无VIP地址
备机上出现VIP有两种情况：
（1）发生了脑裂
（2）正常的主备切换
监控只是监控发生脑裂的可能性，不能保证一定是发生了脑裂，因为正常的主备切换VIP也会到备份节点上。
keepalived脑裂监控
keepalived安装
//配置master
//配置网络源
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install epel-release
//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
//安装nginx
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080 default_server; //更改端口号为8080
listen [::]:8080 default_server; //更改端口号为8080
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html
[root@master html]# ls
404.html index.html nginx-logo.png
50x.html index.html.bak poweredby.png
[root@master html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:8080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//配置backup
//配置网络源
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install epel-release
//安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
//安装nginx
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080 default_server; //更改端口号为8080
listen [::]:8080 default_server; //更改端口号为8080
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@backup html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@backup html]# echo 'backup' > index.html
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html index.html nginx-logo.png
50x.html index.html.bak poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@backup html]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:8080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*keepalived配置
//配置master
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass lijiang
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.205.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.205.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:63:98:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.205.144/24 brd 192.168.205.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1578sec preferred_lft 1578sec
inet 192.168.205.250/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::9e26:e42:e48e:6000/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::7ea6:279d:2d84:19ea/64 scope link dadfailed tentative noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//配置backup
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass lijiang
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.205.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.205.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:fe:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.205.147/24 brd 192.168.205.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1324sec preferred_lft 1324sec
inet6 fe80::9e26:e42:e48e:6000/64 scope link dadfailed tentative noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::7ea6:279d:2d84:19ea/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机
//配置master
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_nginx.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 143 Oct 9 20:35 check_nginx.sh
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 143 Oct 9 20:35 check_nginx.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 418 Oct 9 20:39 notify.sh
//配置backup
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx fi
;; *)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 6 18:49 check_httpd.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 119 Sep 6 18:54 check_proces.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1854 Mar 22 2020 log.py
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 422 Oct 9 20:46 notify.sh配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置
//配置master
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check {
script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh"
interval 1
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass lijiang
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.205.250
}
track_script {
nginx_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup"
}
virtual_server 192.168.205.250 8080 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
//配置master
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass lijiang
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.205.250
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup"
}
virtual_server 192.168.205.250 8080 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
//脑裂进行监控脚本
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 192.168.205.250|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
echo "keepalived is error!"
else
echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh
[root@backup scripts]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UnsafeUserParameters=1
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/scripts/check_keepalived.sh添加监控项
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