MVC模式:
Model 模型
View 视图
Control 控制器
传统MVC开发缺陷：
在实现页面跳转的时候跳转的代码写死了，不够灵活。
在传统的MVC开发中Servlet的使用和配置太过于频繁
下面我们就使用登陆的案例来简单演示一波MVC的优化
文件结构图如下:
同时需要引入dom4j的jar包
首先，我们建立一个User的实体类
public class User implements Serializable{
private String userName;
private String pwd;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}接下来我们开始写登陆的界面login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>登陆界面</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login.action" name="login_from" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密 码:<input type="password" name="pwd"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
主页
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>首页</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
</head>
<body>
<h2>欢迎你,${sessionScope.userInfo.userName}</h2>
</body>
</html>
然后写一个UserDao对传入的参数进行处理,然后将处理的结果以对象的形式进行返回
package cn.qblank.dao;
import cn.qblank.entity.User;
public class UserDao {
//模拟登陆
public User login(User user){
//判断是否登陆成功
if ("admin".equals(user.getUserName()) && "123".equals(user.getPwd())) {
return user;
}
//登陆失败
return null;
}
}
然后再写一个LoginAction.java处理登陆的请求,然后以字符串的形式返回一个结果集
package cn.qblank.mystruts.action;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import cn.qblank.entity.User;
import cn.qblank.service.UserService;
public class LoginAction {
public Object execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
return null;
}
/**
* 处理登陆的请求数据
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public Object login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
Object uri = null;
//获取参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");
//封转到对象中
User user = new User();
user.setUserName(username);
user.setPwd(pwd);
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
//然后处理事件
UserService userService = new UserService();
User userInfo = userService.login(user);
if (userInfo == null) {
System.out.println("登陆失败");
uri = "loginFiled";
}else{
System.out.println("登陆成功");
req.getSession().setAttribute("userInfo", userInfo);
uri = "loginSuccess";
}
return uri;
}
}
由于不能把配置页面写死，于是我们可以将需要配置的文件写到mystruts.xml文件中，然后对其进行读取,然后再进行跳转
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mystruts>
<package>
<!-- name表示路径 class表示是从传入参数的类的全名 method 表示传入参数的方法名-->
<action name="login" class="cn.qblank.mystruts.action.LoginAction" method="login">
<!-- 存储结果集 跳转 和(默认)重定向 -->
<result name="loginSuccess" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="loginFiled">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</mystruts>
Result.java
package cn.qblank.mystruts.bean;
/**
* 封转结果视图
* @author Administrator
*<result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
*/
public class Result {
//跳转结果标记
private String name;
//跳转类型 默认为转发 "redirect"为跳转
private String type;
//跳转页面
private String page;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
this.page = page;
}
}
ActionMapping.java
package cn.qblank.mystruts.bean;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 封转action结点
* <action name="login" class="cn.itcast.framework.action.LoginAction" method="login">
<result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="loginFaild">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ActionMapping {
//请求路径的名字
private String name;
//处理Action类的全名
private String className;
//处理方法
private String method;
//结果视图集合
private Map<String, Result> results;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getClassName() {
return className;
}
public void setClassName(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
public String getMethod() {
return method;
}
public void setMethod(String method) {
this.method = method;
}
public Map<String, Result> getResults() {
return results;
}
public void setResults(Map<String, Result> results) {
this.results = results;
}
}
读取xml中的数据，并封装到对象ActionMapping和Result对象中
package cn.qblank.mystruts.bean;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
/**
* 加载整个mystruts.xml文件
* 并将其封转到对象中
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ActionMappingManager {
private Map<String, ActionMapping> actions;
public ActionMappingManager(){
actions = new HashMap<String, ActionMapping>();
//初始化
init();
}
/**
* 根据请求路径名称，返回Action的映射对象
* 通过名字获取对应的ActionMapping
* @param actionName 当前请求路径
* @return 返回配置文件中代表action节点的AcitonMapping对象
*/
public ActionMapping getActionMapping(String actionName){
if (actionName == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("传入参数有误，请查看struts.xml配置的路径。");
}
ActionMapping actionMapping = actions.get(actionName);
if (actionMapping == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("路径在struts.xml中找不到，请检查");
}
return actionMapping;
}
/**
* 初始化集合
* 将mystruts.xml的数据封装到对象中
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void init(){
try {
//得到解析器
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
//得到文件流
InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/mystruts.xml");
//加载文件
Document doc = reader.read(in);
//获取根结点
Element rootElem = doc.getRootElement();
//得到package结点
Element ele_package = rootElem.element("package");
//获取action结点
List<Element> listAction = ele_package.elements("action");
//遍历 封装
for (Element action : listAction) {
ActionMapping actionMapping = new ActionMapping();
actionMapping.setName(action.attributeValue("name"));
actionMapping.setClassName(action.attributeValue("class"));
actionMapping.setMethod(action.attributeValue("method"));
//封转结果集
Map<String,Result> results = new HashMap<>();
//封装结果视图
Iterator<Element> it = action.elementIterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Element ele_result = it.next();
//封装到对象中
Result result = new Result();
result.setName(ele_result.attributeValue("name"));
result.setType(ele_result.attributeValue("type"));
result.setPage(ele_result.getTextTrim());
System.out.println(result.getName());
//添加到Result集合中
results.put(result.getName(), result);
}
//将结果集存入ActionMapping对象中
actionMapping.setResults(results);
//将actionMapping添加到集合中
actions.put(actionMapping.getName(), actionMapping);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("启动初始化错误",e);
}
}
}
然后写一个业务逻辑层(这里暂时不处理)
package cn.qblank.service;
import cn.qblank.dao.UserDao;
import cn.qblank.entity.User;
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
/**
* 登陆
* @param user
* @return
*/
public User login(User user){
return userDao.login(user);
}
}
下面我们就开始写对其进行调度
传统的MVC我们使用Servlet来接收提交的参数，这次我们只用一个总Servlet来控制，其他的用action来操作
我们可以使用一个过滤器对所有的.action为后缀进行拦截，在web.xml中进行配置
<!-- 总的Servlet 总控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.qblank.servlet.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 总控制器 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>然后对应的写一个ActionServlet对各个请求进行相应跳转处理
public class ActionServlet extends HttpServlet {
private ActionMappingManager actionMappingManager;
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
//创建一个管理类对象，获取封装的xml数据
actionMappingManager = new ActionMappingManager();
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//http://localhost:8080/mystruts/login.action
try {
//获取请求的Uri
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
//得到login
String actionName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1, uri.lastIndexOf(".action"));
//根据action名字获得对应的action
ActionMapping actionMapping = actionMappingManager.getActionMapping(actionName);
String className = actionMapping.getClassName();
//当前请求的方法
String method = actionMapping.getMethod();
//通过反射获取 反射： 创建对象，调用方法； 获取方法返回的标记
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
//构建对象
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
Method m = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(method, HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
//调用方法 拿到标记
String flag = (String) m.invoke(obj, req,resp);
//测试
System.out.println(flag);
//通过标记拿到result
Result result = actionMapping.getResults().get(flag);
//测试
//然后通过result获取对应的跳转类型(type) 跳转页面(page)
String type = result.getType();
//获取跳转页面
String page = result.getPage();
//跳转
if ("redirect".equals(type)) {
resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+page);
}else{
req.getRequestDispatcher(page).forward(req, resp);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}下面我们就来运行一波
当登陆成功时，直接跳到index.jsp
失败则继续跳回登陆页面
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