Python制作登陆界面（2）（中等级）

前言  

本人又来教大家制作登陆界面啦！

大家知道弹窗在电脑中无处不在：浏览器界面啊，Python编程界面啊，网络会议室啊等等。

相信你们在使用Python中肯定用过一个庞大的GUI模块：tkinter。

这次我们会用到它来制作弹窗登陆界面。

1、关于tkinter

tkinter是python中最基础，最标准的GUI库。

除了它以外，在python里还有许许多多的GUI库：wx，PyQt5……

而这些都是Python不自带的，必须使用管理员或终端使用pip install（使用Mac的伙伴用sudo apt-get）指令来下载。

（有些Python版本在下载的时候不会自带tkinter，cmd输入pip install tkinter（Mac的用brew install python-tk）即可）

例：

import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title("示例")
root.geometry("200x300")

效果：

tkinter里面不仅有Tk（GUI主界面），title（标题）和geometry（大小），还有Entry（输入框），Label（标签），Frame（框，有些类似于Menu），Menu（菜单），Toplevel（叠加GUI）等。

无论如何，这些功能前面都要加一个tkinter.（也可以是tk.，前提是在导入模块时要输入import tkinter as tk），不然会报错：

2、制作

1、基本框架

导入模块：

from tkinter import *    #这里为了简便，一般不建议使用
from tkinter import messagebox
import pickle

基本结构：

Lw = Tk()
Lw.title("测试")
Lw.geometry("500x300")
Label(Lw, text = "登录                ", font = ("幼圆", 26), fg = "white", bg = "green").place(x = 10, y = 10)
Label(Lw, text = "用户名：", font = ("幼圆", 14), fg = "green").place(x = 20, y = 70)    #用户名
Label(Lw, text = "密码：", font = ("幼圆", 14), fg = "green").place(x = 20, y = 100)    #密码

_usn = StringVar()
eusn = Entry(Lw, textvariable = _usn, font = ("幼圆", 14), width = 30)
eusn.place(x = 100, y = 70)

_pwd = StringVar()
epwd = Entry(Lw, textvariable = _pwd, font = ("幼圆", 14), width = 30, show = "⁕")
epwd.place(x = 100, y = 100)

2、功能部分

登录：

def login():
    countdown = 0
    usn = _usn.get()
    pwd = _pwd.get()
    try:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
            pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)
    if usn in usrs_info:
        if pwd == usrs_info[usn]:
            messagebox.showinfo("欢迎", "登陆成功!")
        else:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "用户名或密码错误！")

登录时会自动往用户库里写入用户信息，若没有库的话会自动创建一个。

此程序会辨别输入的用户到底有没有库里，不在的话会显示错误。

注册与控件：

def signIn():
    def signUser():
        nu = _nusr.get()
        np = _npwd.get
        nc = _npco.get()
        try:
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            exist_usr_info = {}
        if nu and np in exist_usr_info:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "该用户已存在！")
        elif np != nc:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "密码与验证密码不一致！")
        elif nu == "" or np == "":
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "用户名或密码不能为空！")
        else:
            exist_usr_info[nu] = np
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
            tk.messagebox.showinfo('欢迎', '注册成功')
            Sw.destroy()
    Sw = Toplevel(Lw)
    Sw.geometry('350x200')
    Sw.title('注册')
    Label(Sw, text='用户名：').place(x=10, y=10)
    Label(Sw, text='请输入密码：').place(x=10, y=50)
    Label(Sw, text='请再次输入密码：').place(x=10, y=90)
    
    _nusr = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=_nusr).place(x=150, y=10)
    
    _npwd = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=new_pwd, show="⁕").place(x=150, y=50)
    
    _npco = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=new_pwd_confirm, show="⁕").place(x=150, y=90)
    coBt = Button(Sw, text="确认注册",command=signUser)
    coBt.place(x=150, y=130)
siBt = Button(Lw, text = "没有账号？注册", command = signIn)
siBt.place(x = 50, y = 200)
loBt = Button(Lw, text = "登录", command = login)
loBt.place(x = 10, y = 200)

3、完整代码

#!/usr/bin/env/python38
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#Author:Ez135513
#Created time:7/20/2022
from tkinter import *    #这里为了简便，一般不建议使用
from tkinter import messagebox
import pickle
Lw = Tk()
Lw.title("测试")
Lw.geometry("500x300")
Label(Lw, text = "登录                ", font = ("幼圆", 26), fg = "white", bg = "green").place(x = 10, y = 10)
Label(Lw, text = "用户名：", font = ("幼圆", 14), fg = "green").place(x = 20, y = 70)    #用户名
Label(Lw, text = "密码：", font = ("幼圆", 14), fg = "green").place(x = 20, y = 100)    #密码

_usn = StringVar()
eusn = Entry(Lw, textvariable = _usn, font = ("幼圆", 14), width = 30)
eusn.place(x = 100, y = 70)

_pwd = StringVar()
epwd = Entry(Lw, textvariable = _pwd, font = ("幼圆", 14), width = 30, show = "⁕")
epwd.place(x = 100, y = 100)

def login():
    countdown = 0
    usn = _usn.get()
    pwd = _pwd.get()
    try:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
            pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)
    if usn in usrs_info:
        if pwd == usrs_info[usn]:
            messagebox.showinfo("欢迎", "登陆成功!")
        else:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "用户名或密码错误！")

def signIn():
    def signUser():
        nu = _nusr.get()
        np = _npwd.get
        nc = _npco.get()
        try:
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            exist_usr_info = {}
        if nu and np in exist_usr_info:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "该用户已存在！")
        elif np != nc:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "密码与验证密码不一致！")
        elif nu == "" or np == "":
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "用户名或密码不能为空！")
        else:
            exist_usr_info[nu] = np
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
            tk.messagebox.showinfo('欢迎', '注册成功')
            Sw.destroy()
    Sw = Toplevel(Lw)
    Sw.geometry('350x200')
    Sw.title('注册')
    Label(Sw, text='用户名：').place(x=10, y=10)
    Label(Sw, text='请输入密码：').place(x=10, y=50)
    Label(Sw, text='请再次输入密码：').place(x=10, y=90)
    
    _nusr = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=_nusr).place(x=150, y=10)
    
    _npwd = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=new_pwd, show="⁕").place(x=150, y=50)
    
    _npco = StringVar()
    Entry(Sw, textvariable=new_pwd_confirm, show="⁕").place(x=150, y=90)
    coBt = Button(Sw, text="确认注册",command=signUser)
    coBt.place(x=150, y=130)
siBt = Button(Lw, text = "没有账号？注册", command = signIn)
siBt.place(x = 50, y = 200)
loBt = Button(Lw, text = "登录", command = login)
loBt.place(x = 10, y = 200)

大功告成！