依赖注入(Dependency Injection,DI)
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依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源
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注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配
构造器注入
有参构造器注入,前文有具体的讲解,此处给出代码实例
<!-- 第一种根据index参数下标设置 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.pag.pojo.User">
<!-- index指构造方法 , 下标从0开始 -->
<constructor-arg index="0" value="pag"/>
</bean>
<!-- 第二种根据参数名字设置 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.pag.pojo.User">
<!-- name指参数名 -->
<constructor-arg name="name" value="pag"/>
</bean>
<!-- 第三种根据参数类型设置 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.pag.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="pag"/>
</bean>
set注入(重点)
要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法 , set方法的方法名由set + 属性首字母大写 , 如果属性是boolean类型 , 没有set方法 , 是 is
编写pojo类:
Address.java
package com.pag.pojo;
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
Student.java
package com.pag.pojo;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.*;
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbys;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbys() {
return hobbys;
}
public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
this.hobbys = hobbys;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name="+ name
+ ",address="+ address.getAddress()
+ ",books="
);
for (String book:books){
System.out.print("<<"+book+">>\t");
}
System.out.println("\n爱好:"+hobbys);
System.out.println("card:"+card);
System.out.println("games:"+games);
System.out.println("wife:"+wife);
System.out.println("info:"+info);
}
}
常量注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="name" value="pag"/>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test1(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
Bean注入
<bean id="addr" class="com.pag.pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="深圳"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="address" ref="addr"/>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test2(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getAddress().getAddress());
}
数组注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>spring</value>
<value>java</value>
<value>c</value>
</array>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test3(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
for (String s : student.getBooks()) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
List注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="hobbys">
<list>
<value>sing song</value>
<value>read book</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test4(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
for (String s : student.getHobbys()) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Map注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="中国邮政" value="1221"/>
<entry key="建设" value="1222"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test5(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getCard());
}
Set注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>LOL</value>
<value>DND</value>
<value>COD</value>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test6(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getGames());
}
Null注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="wife"><null></null></property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test7(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getWife());
}
Properties注入
<bean id="student" class="com.pag.pojo.Student">
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学号">20210101</prop>
<prop key="姓名">林而异</prop>
<prop key="性别">男</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
@Test
public void test8(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student.getInfo());
}
拓展注入实现
创建一个User实体类:
package com.pag.pojo;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public User() {
System.out.println("无参");
}
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
System.out.println("有参");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
p命名空间注入
需要在头文件中假如约束文件
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
<!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.pag.pojo.User" p:name="pag" p:age="21"/>
测试类:
@Test
public void test10(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user.toString());
}
运行结果:
结果证明,p命名空间注入调用的是无参构造方法,使用set方法将参数传输到对象中
c命名空间注入
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
<!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.pag.pojo.User" c:name="pag" c:age="21"/>
运行结果:
结果证明,c命名空间注入调用的是有参构造方法,c 就是所谓的构造器注入