在排序数组中查找元素的第一个和最后一个位置

给你一个按照非递减顺序排列的整数数组 nums，和一个目标值 target。请你找出给定目标值在数组中的开始位置和结束位置。

如果数组中不存在目标值 target，返回 [-1, -1]

因为是排序数组，所以可以利用二分方法来快速查找

int binarySearch(int* nums, int numsSize, int target, bool lower) {
    int left = 0, right = numsSize - 1, ans = numsSize;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] > target || (lower && nums[mid] >= target)) {
            right = mid - 1;
            ans = mid;
        } else {
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

int* searchRange(int* nums, int numsSize, int target, int* returnSize) {
    int leftIdx = binarySearch(nums, numsSize, target, true);
    int rightIdx = binarySearch(nums, numsSize, target, false) - 1;
    int* ret = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
    *returnSize = 2;
    if (leftIdx <= rightIdx && rightIdx < numsSize && nums[leftIdx] == target && nums[rightIdx] == target) {
        ret[0] = leftIdx, ret[1] = rightIdx;
        return ret;
    }
    ret[0] = -1, ret[1] = -1;
    return ret;
}

JavaScript写法

const binarySearch = (nums, target, lower) => {
    let left = 0, right = nums.length - 1, ans = nums.length;
    while (left <= right) {
        const mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2);
        if (nums[mid] > target || (lower && nums[mid] >= target)) {
            right = mid - 1;
            ans = mid;
        } else {
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

var searchRange = function(nums, target) {
    let ans = [-1, -1];
    const leftIdx = binarySearch(nums, target, true);
    const rightIdx = binarySearch(nums, target, false) - 1;
    if (leftIdx <= rightIdx && rightIdx < nums.length && nums[leftIdx] === target && nums[rightIdx] === target) {
        ans = [leftIdx, rightIdx];
    } 
    return ans;
};

#以上写法与leetcode官网相同