RMAN增量备份恢复

通过rman的增量备份恢复dataguard中standby端的数据：

1.停止备库上的MRP进程：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

2.查询备库上的SCN值：

SQL> SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;

CURRENT_SCN

--------------

233164444

SQL> select min(checkpoint_change#) from v$datafile_header

where file# not in (select file# from v$datafile where enabled = 'READ ONLY');

MIN(F.FHSCN)

----------------

233163358

comment:上面一个为控制文件中记录的SCN号，另一个为数据文件头记录的SCN号， 我们需要选择较小SCN号（233163358）的来备份。

3.对主库进行增量备份:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 233163358 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';

4.传送备份集到备库：

scp /tmp/ForStandby_%U    standby:/tmp/

5.在备库控制文件中注册备份集：

RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/tmp/ForStandby';

6.使用已经注册的备份集进行恢复：

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE NOREDO;

7.在主库创建一个备用的备库控制文件备份：

RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE FOR STANDBY FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck';

8.将备份用的备库控制文件传到主库；

9.将此时备库的控制文件进行备份，以供后面验证是否存在差异：

RMAN>  backup current controlfile format '/tmp/ctl_%d_%T_%s.ctl';

10.在备库中恢复备份控制文件：

RMAN> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE ;

RMAN> STARTUP NOMOUNT;

RMAN> RESTORE STANDBY CONTROLFILE FROM '/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck';

11.启动备库到mount：

RMAN> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE ;

RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;

12.备库控制文件注册数据文件

RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '+DATA/mystd/datafile/';

RMAN> SWITCH DATABASE TO COPY;

13. 在备库清空所有备用重做日志：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 2;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 3;

....

14. 在备库开启MRP进程

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;

联系自己做恢复时候的一个报错问题。先关闭MRP进程，然后按照备库此时最小SCN值在主库上进行备份，然后将备份上传到备库，注册进控制文件钟，进行recover database noredo恢复

此时我第一步先替换了控制文件重新启动了数据库，并将备份和数据文件重新注册进控制文件中，SWITCH DATABASE TO COPY； 之后我用命令recover database noredo恢复：

RMAN> recover database noredo;

Starting recover at 31-AUG-17

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=56 instance=jyzhao1 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001: +DATA/mynas/datafile/system.258.951608183

destination for restore of datafile 00002: +DATA/mynas/datafile/sysaux.257.951608183

destination for restore of datafile 00003: +DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs1.259.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00004: +DATA/mynas/datafile/users.265.951608205

destination for restore of datafile 00005: +DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs2.261.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00006: +DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.262.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00007: +DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_i_jingyu.263.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00008: +DATA/mynas/datafile/test.264.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00009: +DATA/mynas/datafile/test2.260.951608185

destination for restore of datafile 00010: +DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_d_hank.274.951774467

destination for restore of datafile 00011: +DATA/mynas/datafile/dbadata.276.952933931

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /public/backup/incremental/inc26vsd9r18.bak

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 08/31/2017 15:11:05

ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /public/backup/incremental/inc26vsd9r18.bak

ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 11

起初我认为可能是备份问题，后来查阅了报错，发现是恢复被其他的进程占用，此时想到MRP进程，检查发现没有停止mrp进程，手动停止后，发现可以正常进行恢复。