1、对象未重写 hashCode() 和 equals() 方法
在Java类中没有重写 hashCode() 和 equals() 方法,那么默认的实现会按照 Object 类提供的规则来进行比较和哈希计算。
在默认情况下,equals() 方法比较的是对象的引用是否相等,而 hashCode() 方法返回的是对象的哈希码(通常是对象的内存地址的哈希码)。
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
测试代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person2 = new Person("Alice", 30);
// 1. 对象的相等性测试
System.out.println("person1.equals(person2): " + person1.equals(person2)); // should be false (since we didn't override equals())
// 2. 对象与 null 的比较
System.out.println("person1.equals(null): " + person1.equals(null)); // should be false
// 3. 对象与不同类型的比较
String someString = "Not a Person object";
System.out.println("person1.equals(someString): " + person1.equals(someString)); // should be false
// 4. 哈希码的测试
System.out.println("Hash code of person1: " + person1.hashCode());
System.out.println("Hash code of person2: " + person2.hashCode());
}
测试结果
person1.equals(person2): false
person1.equals(null): false
person1.equals(someString): false
Hash code of person1: 931919113
Hash code of person2: 1607521710
2、对象重写 hashCode() 和 equals() 方法
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
使用@EqualsAndHashCode编译后的代码
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Person person = (Person) o;
return age == person.age && Objects.equals(name, person.name);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(name, age);
}
测试代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person2 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person3 = new Person("Bob", 25);
// 1. 对象的相等性测试
System.out.println("person1.equals(person2): " + person1.equals(person2)); // should be true
System.out.println("person1.equals(person3): " + person1.equals(person3)); // should be false
// 2. 对象与 null 的比较
System.out.println("person1.equals(null): " + person1.equals(null)); // should be false
// 3. 对象与不同类型的比较
String someString = "Not a Person object";
System.out.println("person1.equals(someString): " + person1.equals(someString)); // should be false
// 4. 哈希码的测试
System.out.println("Hash code of person1: " + person1.hashCode());
System.out.println("Hash code of person2: " + person2.hashCode());
System.out.println("Hash code of person3: " + person3.hashCode());
}
测试结果:
person1.equals(person2): true
person1.equals(person3): false
person1.equals(null): false
person1.equals(someString): false
Hash code of person1: -557292073
Hash code of person2: -557292073
Hash code of person3: 3954441
3、对象自定义 hashCode() 和 equals() 方法
在一些业务场景中,比如在集合中去重对象,需要根据业务自定义集合重复的判断标准。比如,根据年龄作为对象重复的判断条件,这时候我们就需要手动重写 hashCode() 和 equals()
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Person person = (Person) o;
return age == person.age;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(age);
}
}
测试代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person2 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person3 = new Person("Bob", 25);
// 1. 对象的相等性测试
System.out.println("person1.equals(person2): " + person1.equals(person2)); // should be true
System.out.println("person1.equals(person3): " + person1.equals(person3)); // should be false
// 2. 对象与 null 的比较
System.out.println("person1.equals(null): " + person1.equals(null)); // should be false
// 3. 对象与不同类型的比较
String someString = "Not a Person object";
System.out.println("person1.equals(someString): " + person1.equals(someString)); // should be false
// 4. 哈希码的测试
System.out.println("Hash code of person1: " + person1.hashCode());
System.out.println("Hash code of person2: " + person2.hashCode());
System.out.println("Hash code of person3: " + person3.hashCode());
}
测试结果
person1.equals(person2): true
person1.equals(person3): false
person1.equals(null): false
person1.equals(someString): false
Hash code of person1: 61
Hash code of person2: 61
Hash code of person3: 56
集合测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("Alice", 30);
Person person2 = new Person("Bob", 25);
Person person3 = new Person("Bob", 30);
ArrayList<Person> persons = new ArrayList<>();
persons.add(person1);
persons.add(person2);
System.out.println(persons.contains(person3));
if(!persons.contains(person3)){
persons.add(person3);
}
HashMap<Person,String> personMap = new HashMap<>();
personMap.put(person1,"person1");
personMap.put(person2,"person2");
personMap.put(person3,"person3");
System.out.println(persons.size());
personMap.forEach((name,age)->{
System.out.println(name+":"+age);
});
}
测试结果
true
2
Person(name=Bob, age=25):person2
Person(name=Alice, age=30):person3
总结:
定义对象类的时候,一般需要重写hashCode() 和 equals()方法 ,对于特殊的业务场景,需要自定义对象相等的逻辑,则需要根据业务场景自己实现hashCode() 和 equals()方法。