单列模式：实现单列模式的五种方法

何为单列模式

不管实例化你创建多少的对象，我只给你们返回的总是哪一个

第一种：通过类方法实现

class mysql(object):
    _instance = None

    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

    @classmethod
    def singleton(cls):
        if not cls._instance:
            cls._instance = mysql('127.0.0.1', 3306)
        return cls._instance
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj1 = mysql.singleton()
    obj2 = mysql.singleton()
    print(obj1)
    print(obj2)

第二种：通过装饰器实现

def singleton(cls):
    _instance = cls('127.0.0.1', 3306)

    def inner(*args, **kws):
        if args or kws:
            return cls(*args, **kws)
        return _instance
    return inner

@singleton
class Mysql(object):
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip 
        self.port = port

if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj1 = Mysql()
    obj2 = Mysql()
    print(obj1)
    print(obj2)

第三种：通过元类实现

class MymetaClass(type):
    def __call__(self, *args, **kws):
        if not hasattr(self, 'instance'):
            self.instance = super().__call__(*args, **kws)
        return self.instance

class Mysql(metaclass=MymetaClass):
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj1 = Mysql('127.0.0.1', 3306)
    obj2 = Mysql('127.0.0.1', 3308)
    print(obj1)
    print(obj2)

第四种：通过 __new__方法实现

class Singleton(object):
    _instance = None

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
        if not cls._instance:
            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls, *args, **kws)
        return cls._instance

class Mysql(Singleton):
    def __init__(self):
        self.ip = '127.0.0.1'
        self.port = 3306

if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj1 = Mysql()
    obj2 = Mysql()
    print(obj1)
    print(obj2)

第五种：通过模块来实现

sing.py

class Mysql(object):
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip 
        self.port = port

mysqlsingleton = Mysql('127.0.0.1', 2206)

sql.py

from sing import mysqlsingleton