通过HBase的相关JavaAPI,我们可以实现伴随HBase操作的MapReduce过程,比如使用MapReduce将数据从本地文件系统导入到HBase的表中,比如我们从HBase中读取一些原始数据后使用MapReduce做数据分析。
1、官方HBase-MapReduce
1) 查看HBase的MapReduce任务的执行
$ bin/hbase mapredcp |
2) 执行环境变量的导入
$ export HBASE_HOME=/home/admin/modules/hbase-1.3.1 $ export HADOOP_HOME=/home/admin/modules/hadoop-2.7.2 $ export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=`${HBASE_HOME}/bin/hbase mapredcp` |
3) 运行官方的MapReduce任务
-- 案例一:统计Student表中有多少行数据
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar rowcounter student |
-- 案例二:使用MapReduce将本地数据导入到HBase
(1) 在本地创建一个tsv格式的文件:fruit.tsv
1001 Apple Red 1002 Pear Yellow 1003 Pineapple Yellow |
尖叫提示:上面的这个数据不要从word中直接复制,有格式错误
(2) 创建HBase表
hbase(main):001:0> create 'fruit','info' |
(3) 在HDFS中创建input_fruit文件夹并上传fruit.tsv文件
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /input_fruit/ $ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/hdfs dfs -put fruit.tsv /input_fruit/ |
(4) 执行MapReduce到HBase的fruit表中
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar importtsv \ -Dimporttsv.columns=HBASE_ROW_KEY,info:name,info:color fruit \ hdfs://linux01:8020/input_fruit |
(5) 使用scan命令查看导入后的结果
hbase(main):001:0> scan ‘fruit’ |
2、自定义HBase-MapReduce1
目标:将fruit表中的一部分数据,通过MR迁入到fruit_mr表中。
分步实现:
1) 构建ReadFruitMapper类,用于读取fruit表中的数据
package com.z.hbase_mr;
import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
public class ReadFruitMapper extends TableMapper<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put> {
@Override protected void map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //将fruit的name和color提取出来,相当于将每一行数据读取出来放入到Put对象中。 Put put = new Put(key.get()); //遍历添加column行 for(Cell cell: value.rawCells()){ //添加/克隆列族:info if("info".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)))){ //添加/克隆列:name if("name".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)))){ //将该列cell加入到put对象中 put.add(cell); //添加/克隆列:color }else if("color".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)))){ //向该列cell加入到put对象中 put.add(cell); } } } //将从fruit读取到的每行数据写入到context中作为map的输出 context.write(key, put); } } |
2) 构建WriteFruitMRReducer类,用于将读取到的fruit表中的数据写入到fruit_mr表中
package com.z.hbase_mr;
import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
public class WriteFruitMRReducer extends TableReducer<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put, NullWritable> { @Override protected void reduce(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Iterable<Put> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //读出来的每一行数据写入到fruit_mr表中 for(Put put: values){ context.write(NullWritable.get(), put); } } } |
3) 构建Fruit2FruitMRRunner extends Configured implements Tool用于组装运行Job任务
//组装Job public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { //得到Configuration Configuration conf = this.getConf(); //创建Job任务 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, this.getClass().getSimpleName()); job.setJarByClass(Fruit2FruitMRRunner.class);
//配置Job Scan scan = new Scan(); scan.setCacheBlocks(false); scan.setCaching(500);
//设置Mapper,注意导入的是mapreduce包下的,不是mapred包下的,后者是老版本 TableMapReduceUtil.initTableMapperJob( "fruit", //数据源的表名 scan, //scan扫描控制器 ReadFruitMapper.class,//设置Mapper类 ImmutableBytesWritable.class,//设置Mapper输出key类型 Put.class,//设置Mapper输出value值类型 job//设置给哪个JOB ); //设置Reducer TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob("fruit_mr", WriteFruitMRReducer.class, job); //设置Reduce数量,最少1个 job.setNumReduceTasks(1);
boolean isSuccess = job.waitForCompletion(true); if(!isSuccess){ throw new IOException("Job running with error"); } return isSuccess ? 0 : 1; } |
4) 主函数中调用运行该Job任务
public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception{ Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); int status = ToolRunner.run(conf, new Fruit2FruitMRRunner(), args); System.exit(status); } |
5) 打包运行任务
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar ~/softwares/jars/hbase-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar com.z.hbase.mr1.Fruit2FruitMRRunner |
尖叫提示:运行任务前,如果待数据导入的表不存在,则需要提前创建之。
尖叫提示:maven打包命令:-P local clean package或-P dev clean package install(将第三方jar包一同打包,需要插件:maven-shade-plugin)
3、自定义HBase-MapReduce2
目标:实现将HDFS中的数据写入到HBase表中。
分步实现:
1) 构建ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper于读取HDFS中的文件数据
package com.z.hbase.mr2;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
public class ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, ImmutableBytesWritable, Put> { @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //从HDFS中读取的数据 String lineValue = value.toString(); //读取出来的每行数据使用\t进行分割,存于String数组 String[] values = lineValue.split("\t");
//根据数据中值的含义取值 String rowKey = values[0]; String name = values[1]; String color = values[2];
//初始化rowKey ImmutableBytesWritable rowKeyWritable = new ImmutableBytesWritable(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
//初始化put对象 Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
//参数分别:列族、列、值 put.add(Bytes.toBytes("info"), Bytes.toBytes("name"), Bytes.toBytes(name)); put.add(Bytes.toBytes("info"), Bytes.toBytes("color"), Bytes.toBytes(color));
context.write(rowKeyWritable, put); } } |
2) 构建WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer类
package com.z.hbase.mr2;
import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
public class WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer extends TableReducer<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put, NullWritable> { @Override protected void reduce(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Iterable<Put> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //读出来的每一行数据写入到fruit_hdfs表中 for(Put put: values){ context.write(NullWritable.get(), put); } } } |
3) 创建Txt2FruitRunner组装Job
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { //得到Configuration Configuration conf = this.getConf();
//创建Job任务 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, this.getClass().getSimpleName()); job.setJarByClass(Txt2FruitRunner.class); Path inPath = new Path("hdfs://linux01:8020/input_fruit/fruit.tsv"); FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, inPath);
//设置Mapper job.setMapperClass(ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(ImmutableBytesWritable.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Put.class);
//设置Reducer TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob("fruit_mr", WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer.class, job);
//设置Reduce数量,最少1个 job.setNumReduceTasks(1);
boolean isSuccess = job.waitForCompletion(true); if(!isSuccess){ throw new IOException("Job running with error"); }
return isSuccess ? 0 : 1; } |
4) 调用执行Job
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); int status = ToolRunner.run(conf, new Txt2FruitRunner(), args); System.exit(status); } |
5) 打包运行
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar ~/softwares/jars/hbase-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar com.z.hbase.mr2.Txt2FruitRunner |
尖叫提示:运行任务前,如果待数据导入的表不存在,则需要提前创建之。
尖叫提示:maven打包命令:-P local clean package或-P dev clean package install(将第三方jar包一同打包,需要插件:maven-shade-plugin)