RDD的转换(面试开发重点)
RDD整体上分为Value类型和Key-Value类型
1 Value类型
1.1 map(func)案例
1. 作用:返回一个新的RDD,该RDD由每一个输入元素经过func函数转换后组成
2. 需求:创建一个1-10数组的RDD,将所有元素*2形成新的RDD
(1)创建
scala> var source = sc.parallelize(1 to 10)
source: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[8] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)打印
scala> source.collect()
res7: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
(3)将所有元素*2
scala> val mapadd = source.map(_ * 2)
mapadd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[9] at map at <console>:26
(4)打印最终结果
scala> mapadd.collect()
res8: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20)
1.2 mapPartitions(func) 案例
1. 作用:类似于map,但独立地在RDD的每一个分片上运行,因此在类型为T的RDD上运行时,func的函数类型必须是Iterator[T] => Iterator[U]。假设有N个元素,有M个分区,那么map的函数的将被调用N次,而mapPartitions被调用M次,一个函数一次处理所有分区。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD,使每个元素*2组成新的RDD
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array(1,2,3,4))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[4] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)使每个元素*2组成新的RDD
scala> rdd.mapPartitions(x=>x.map(_*2))
res3: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[6] at mapPartitions at <console>:27
(3)打印新的RDD
scala> res3.collect
res4: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4, 6, 8)
1.3 mapPartitionsWithIndex(func) 案例
1. 作用:类似于mapPartitions,但func带有一个整数参数表示分片的索引值,因此在类型为T的RDD上运行时,func的函数类型必须是(Int, Interator[T]) => Iterator[U];
2. 需求:创建一个RDD,使每个元素跟所在分区形成一个元组组成一个新的RDD
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array(1,2,3,4))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[4] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)使每个元素跟所在分区形成一个元组组成一个新的RDD
scala> val indexRdd = rdd.mapPartitionsWithIndex((index,items)=>(items.map((index,_))))
indexRdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = MapPartitionsRDD[5] at mapPartitionsWithIndex at <console>:26
(3)打印新的RDD
scala> indexRdd.collect
res2: Array[(Int, Int)] = Array((0,1), (0,2), (1,3), (1,4))
1.4 flatMap(func) 案例
1. 作用:类似于map,但是每一个输入元素可以被映射为0或多个输出元素(所以func应该返回一个序列,而不是单一元素)
2. 需求:创建一个元素为1-5的RDD,运用flatMap创建一个新的RDD,新的RDD为原RDD的每个元素的2倍(2,4,6,8,10)
(1)创建
scala> val sourceFlat = sc.parallelize(1 to 5)
sourceFlat: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[12] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)打印
scala> sourceFlat.collect()
res11: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
(3)根据原RDD创建新RDD(1->1,2->1,2……5->1,2,3,4,5)
scala> val flatMap = sourceFlat.flatMap(1 to _)
flatMap: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[13] at flatMap at <console>:26
(4)打印新RDD
scala> flatMap.collect()
res12: Array[Int] = Array(1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
1.5 map()和mapPartition()的区别
1. map():每次处理一条数据。
2. mapPartition():每次处理一个分区的数据,这个分区的数据处理完后,原RDD中分区的数据才能释放,可能导致OOM。
3. 开发指导:当内存空间较大的时候建议使用mapPartition(),以提高处理效率。
1.6 glom案例
1. 作用:将每一个分区形成一个数组,形成新的RDD类型时RDD[Array[T]]
2. 需求:创建一个4个分区的RDD,并将每个分区的数据放到一个数组
(1)创建
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 16,4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[65] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)将每个分区的数据放到一个数组并收集到Driver端打印
scala> rdd.glom().collect()
res25: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(Array(1, 2, 3, 4), Array(5, 6, 7, 8), Array(9, 10, 11, 12), Array(13, 14, 15, 16))
1.7 groupBy(func)案例
1. 作用:分组,按照传入函数的返回值进行分组。将相同的key对应的值放入一个迭代器。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD,按照元素模以2的值进行分组。
(1)创建
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[65] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)按照元素模以2的值进行分组
scala> val group = rdd.groupBy(_%2)
group: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Iterable[Int])] = ShuffledRDD[2] at groupBy at <console>:26
(3)打印结果
scala> group.collect
res0: Array[(Int, Iterable[Int])] = Array((0,CompactBuffer(2, 4)), (1,CompactBuffer(1, 3)))
1.8 filter(func) 案例
1. 作用:过滤。返回一个新的RDD,该RDD由经过func函数计算后返回值为true的输入元素组成。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD(由字符串组成),过滤出一个新RDD(包含”xiao”子串)
(1)创建
scala> var sourceFilter = sc.parallelize(Array("xiaoming","xiaojiang","xiaohe","dazhi"))
sourceFilter: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[10] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)打印
scala> sourceFilter.collect()
res9: Array[String] = Array(xiaoming, xiaojiang, xiaohe, dazhi)
(3)过滤出含” xiao”子串的形成一个新的RDD
scala> val filter = sourceFilter.filter(_.contains("xiao"))
filter: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = MapPartitionsRDD[11] at filter at <console>:26
(4)打印新RDD
scala> filter.collect()
res10: Array[String] = Array(xiaoming, xiaojiang, xiaohe)
1.9 sample(withReplacement, fraction, seed) 案例
1. 作用:以指定的随机种子随机抽样出数量为fraction的数据,withReplacement表示是抽出的数据是否放回,true为有放回的抽样,false为无放回的抽样,seed用于指定随机数生成器种子。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD(1-10),从中选择放回和不放回抽样
(1)创建RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 10)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[20] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)打印
scala> rdd.collect()
res15: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
(3)放回抽样
scala> var sample1 = rdd.sample(true,0.4,2)
sample1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = PartitionwiseSampledRDD[21] at sample at <console>:26
(4)打印放回抽样结果
scala> sample1.collect()
res16: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 2, 7, 7, 8, 9)
(5)不放回抽样
scala> var sample2 = rdd.sample(false,0.2,3)
sample2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = PartitionwiseSampledRDD[22] at sample at <console>:26
(6)打印不放回抽样结果
scala> sample2.collect()
res17: Array[Int] = Array(1, 9)
1.10 distinct([numTasks])) 案例
1. 作用:对源RDD进行去重后返回一个新的RDD。默认情况下,只有8个并行任务来操作,但是可以传入一个可选的numTasks参数改变它。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD,使用distinct()对其去重。
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val distinctRdd = sc.parallelize(List(1,2,1,5,2,9,6,1))
distinctRdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[34] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)对RDD进行去重(不指定并行度)
scala> val unionRDD = distinctRdd.distinct()
unionRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[37] at distinct at <console>:26
(3)打印去重后生成的新RDD
scala> unionRDD.collect()
res20: Array[Int] = Array(1, 9, 5, 6, 2)
(4)对RDD(指定并行度为2)
scala> val unionRDD = distinctRdd.distinct(2)
unionRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[40] at distinct at <console>:26
(5)打印去重后生成的新RDD
scala> unionRDD.collect()
res21: Array[Int] = Array(6, 2, 1, 9, 5)
1.11 coalesce(numPartitions) 案例
1. 作用:缩减分区数,用于大数据集过滤后,提高小数据集的执行效率。
2. 需求:创建一个4个分区的RDD,对其缩减分区
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 16,4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[54] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)查看RDD的分区数
scala> rdd.partitions.size
res20: Int = 4
(3)对RDD重新分区
scala> val coalesceRDD = rdd.coalesce(3)
coalesceRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = CoalescedRDD[55] at coalesce at <console>:26
(4)查看新RDD的分区数
scala> coalesceRDD.partitions.size
res21: Int = 3
1.12 repartition(numPartitions) 案例
1. 作用:根据分区数,重新通过网络随机洗牌所有数据。
2. 需求:创建一个4个分区的RDD,对其重新分区
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 16,4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[56] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)查看RDD的分区数
scala> rdd.partitions.size
res22: Int = 4
(3)对RDD重新分区
scala> val rerdd = rdd.repartition(2)
rerdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[60] at repartition at <console>:26
(4)查看新RDD的分区数
scala> rerdd.partitions.size
res23: Int = 2
1.13 coalesce和repartition的区别
1. coalesce重新分区,可以选择是否进行shuffle过程。由参数shuffle: Boolean = false/true决定。
2. repartition实际上是调用的coalesce,默认是进行shuffle的。源码如下:
def repartition(numPartitions: Int)(implicit ord: Ordering[T] = null): RDD[T] = withScope {
coalesce(numPartitions, shuffle = true)
}
1.14 sortBy(func,[ascending], [numTasks]) 案例
1. 作用;使用func先对数据进行处理,按照处理后的数据比较结果排序,默认为正序。
2. 需求:创建一个RDD,按照不同的规则进行排序
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List(2,1,3,4))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[21] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)按照自身大小排序
scala> rdd.sortBy(x => x).collect()
res11: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4)
(3)按照与3余数的大小排序
scala> rdd.sortBy(x => x%3).collect()
res12: Array[Int] = Array(3, 4, 1, 2)
1.15 pipe(command, [envVars]) 案例
1. 作用:管道,针对每个分区,都执行一个shell脚本,返回输出的RDD。
注意:脚本需要放在Worker节点可以访问到的位置
2. 需求:编写一个脚本,使用管道将脚本作用于RDD上。
(1)编写一个脚本
Shell脚本
#!/bin/sh
echo "AA"
while read LINE; do
echo ">>>"${LINE}
done
(2)创建一个只有一个分区的RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List("hi","Hello","how","are","you"),1)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[50] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)将脚本作用该RDD并打印
scala> rdd.pipe("/opt/module/spark/pipe.sh").collect()
res18: Array[String] = Array(AA, >>>hi, >>>Hello, >>>how, >>>are, >>>you)
(4)创建一个有两个分区的RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List("hi","Hello","how","are","you"),2)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[52] at parallelize at <console>:24
(5)将脚本作用该RDD并打印
scala> rdd.pipe("/opt/module/spark/pipe.sh").collect()
res19: Array[String] = Array(AA, >>>hi, >>>Hello, AA, >>>how, >>>are, >>>you)
2 双Value类型交互
2.1 union(otherDataset) 案例
1. 作用:对源RDD和参数RDD求并集后返回一个新的RDD
2. 需求:创建两个RDD,求并集
(1)创建第一个RDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(1 to 5)
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[23] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个RDD
scala> val rdd2 = sc.parallelize(5 to 10)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[24] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)计算两个RDD的并集
scala> val rdd3 = rdd1.union(rdd2)
rdd3: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = UnionRDD[25] at union at <console>:28
(4)打印并集结果
scala> rdd3.collect()
res18: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
2.2 subtract (otherDataset) 案例
1. 作用:计算差的一种函数,去除两个RDD中相同的元素,不同的RDD将保留下来
2. 需求:创建两个RDD,求第一个RDD与第二个RDD的差集
(1)创建第一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(3 to 8)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[70] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个RDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(1 to 5)
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[71] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)计算第一个RDD与第二个RDD的差集并打印
scala> rdd.subtract(rdd1).collect()
res27: Array[Int] = Array(8, 6, 7)
2.3 intersection(otherDataset) 案例
1. 作用:对源RDD和参数RDD求交集后返回一个新的RDD
2. 需求:创建两个RDD,求两个RDD的交集
(1)创建第一个RDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(1 to 7)
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[26] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个RDD
scala> val rdd2 = sc.parallelize(5 to 10)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[27] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)计算两个RDD的交集
scala> val rdd3 = rdd1.intersection(rdd2)
rdd3: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = MapPartitionsRDD[33] at intersection at <console>:28
(4)打印计算结果
scala> rdd3.collect()
res19: Array[Int] = Array(5, 6, 7)
2.4 cartesian(otherDataset) 案例
1. 作用:笛卡尔积(尽量避免使用)
2. 需求:创建两个RDD,计算两个RDD的笛卡尔积
(1)创建第一个RDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(1 to 3)
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[47] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个RDD
scala> val rdd2 = sc.parallelize(2 to 5)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[48] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)计算两个RDD的笛卡尔积并打印
scala> rdd1.cartesian(rdd2).collect()
res17: Array[(Int, Int)] = Array((1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5))
2.5 zip(otherDataset)案例
1. 作用:将两个RDD组合成Key/Value形式的RDD,这里默认两个RDD的partition数量以及元素数量都相同,否则会抛出异常。
2. 需求:创建两个RDD,并将两个RDD组合到一起形成一个(k,v)RDD
(1)创建第一个RDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(Array(1,2,3),3)
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[1] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个RDD(与1分区数相同)
scala> val rdd2 = sc.parallelize(Array("a","b","c"),3)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[2] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)第一个RDD组合第二个RDD并打印
scala> rdd1.zip(rdd2).collect
res1: Array[(Int, String)] = Array((1,a), (2,b), (3,c))
(4)第二个RDD组合第一个RDD并打印
scala> rdd2.zip(rdd1).collect
res2: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((a,1), (b,2), (c,3))
(5)创建第三个RDD(与1,2分区数不同)
scala> val rdd3 = sc.parallelize(Array("a","b","c"),2)
rdd3: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[5] at parallelize at <console>:24
(6)第一个RDD组合第三个RDD并打印
scala> rdd1.zip(rdd3).collect
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can't zip RDDs with unequal numbers of partitions: List(3, 2)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.ZippedPartitionsBaseRDD.getPartitions(ZippedPartitionsRDD.scala:57)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:252)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:250)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:250)
at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:1965)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$collect$1.apply(RDD.scala:936)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:151)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:112)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.withScope(RDD.scala:362)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.collect(RDD.scala:935)
... 48 elided
3 Key-Value类型
3.1 partitionBy案例
1. 作用:对pairRDD进行分区操作,如果原有的partionRDD和现有的partionRDD是一致的话就不进行分区, 否则会生成ShuffleRDD,即会产生shuffle过程。
2. 需求:创建一个4个分区的RDD,对其重新分区
(1)创建一个RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array((1,"aaa"),(2,"bbb"),(3,"ccc"),(4,"ddd")),4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[44] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)查看RDD的分区数
scala> rdd.partitions.size
res24: Int = 4
(3)对RDD重新分区
scala> var rdd2 = rdd.partitionBy(new org.apache.spark.HashPartitioner(2))
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ShuffledRDD[45] at partitionBy at <console>:26
(4)查看新RDD的分区数
scala> rdd2.partitions.size
res25: Int = 2
3.2 groupByKey案例
1. 作用:groupByKey也是对每个key进行操作,但只生成一个sequence。
2. 需求:创建一个pairRDD,将相同key对应值聚合到一个sequence中,并计算相同key对应值的相加结果。
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val words = Array("one", "two", "two", "three", "three", "three")
words: Array[String] = Array(one, two, two, three, three, three)
scala> val wordPairsRDD = sc.parallelize(words).map(word => (word, 1))
wordPairsRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = MapPartitionsRDD[4] at map at <console>:26
(2)将相同key对应值聚合到一个sequence中
scala> val group = wordPairsRDD.groupByKey()
group: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Iterable[Int])] = ShuffledRDD[5] at groupByKey at <console>:28
(3)打印结果
scala> group.collect()
res1: Array[(String, Iterable[Int])] = Array((two,CompactBuffer(1, 1)), (one,CompactBuffer(1)), (three,CompactBuffer(1, 1, 1)))
(4)计算相同key对应值的相加结果
scala> group.map(t => (t._1, t._2.sum))
res2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = MapPartitionsRDD[6] at map at <console>:31
(5)打印结果
scala> res2.collect()
res3: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((two,2), (one,1), (three,3))
3.3 reduceByKey(func, [numTasks]) 案例
1. 在一个(K,V)的RDD上调用,返回一个(K,V)的RDD,使用指定的reduce函数,将相同key的值聚合到一起,reduce任务的个数可以通过第二个可选的参数来设置。
2. 需求:创建一个pairRDD,计算相同key对应值的相加结果
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List(("female",1),("male",5),("female",5),("male",2)))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[46] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)计算相同key对应值的相加结果
scala> val reduce = rdd.reduceByKey((x,y) => x+y)
reduce: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ShuffledRDD[47] at reduceByKey at <console>:26
(3)打印结果
scala> reduce.collect()
res29: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((female,6), (male,7))
3.4 reduceByKey和groupByKey的区别
1. reduceByKey:按照key进行聚合,在shuffle之前有combine(预聚合)操作,返回结果是RDD[k,v].
2. groupByKey:按照key进行分组,直接进行shuffle。
3. 开发指导:reduceByKey比groupByKey,建议使用。但是需要注意是否会影响业务逻辑。
3.5 aggregateByKey案例
参数:(zeroValue:U,[partitioner: Partitioner]) (seqOp: (U, V) => U,combOp: (U, U) => U)
1. 作用:在kv对的RDD中,,按key将value进行分组合并,合并时,将每个value和初始值作为seq函数的参数,进行计算,返回的结果作为一个新的kv对,然后再将结果按照key进行合并,最后将每个分组的value传递给combine函数进行计算(先将前两个value进行计算,将返回结果和下一个value传给combine函数,以此类推),将key与计算结果作为一个新的kv对输出。
2. 参数描述:
(1)zeroValue:给每一个分区中的每一个key一个初始值;
(2)seqOp:函数用于在每一个分区中用初始值逐步迭代value;
(3)combOp:函数用于合并每个分区中的结果。
3. 需求:创建一个pairRDD,取出每个分区相同key对应值的最大值,然后相加
4. 需求分析
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List(("a",3),("a",2),("c",4),("b",3),("c",6),("c",8)),2)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[0] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)取出每个分区相同key对应值的最大值,然后相加
scala> val agg = rdd.aggregateByKey(0)(math.max(_,_),_+_)
agg: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ShuffledRDD[1] at aggregateByKey at <console>:26
(3)打印结果
scala> agg.collect()
res0: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((b,3), (a,3), (c,12))
3.6 foldByKey案例
参数:(zeroValue: V)(func: (V, V) => V): RDD[(K, V)]
- 作用:aggregateByKey的简化操作,seqop和combop相同
- 需求:创建一个pairRDD,计算相同key对应值的相加结果
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(List((1,3),(1,2),(1,4),(2,3),(3,6),(3,8)),3)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[91] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)计算相同key对应值的相加结果
scala> val agg = rdd.foldByKey(0)(_+_)
agg: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = ShuffledRDD[92] at foldByKey at <console>:26
(3)打印结果
scala> agg.collect()
res61: Array[(Int, Int)] = Array((3,14), (1,9), (2,3))
3.7 combineByKey[C] 案例
参数:(createCombiner: V => C, mergeValue: (C, V) => C, mergeCombiners: (C, C) => C)
- 作用:对相同K,把V合并成一个集合。
- 参数描述:
(1)createCombiner: combineByKey() 会遍历分区中的所有元素,因此每个元素的键要么还没有遇到过,要么就和之前的某个元素的键相同。如果这是一个新的元素,combineByKey()会使用一个叫作createCombiner()的函数来创建那个键对应的累加器的初始值
(2)mergeValue: 如果这是一个在处理当前分区之前已经遇到的键,它会使用mergeValue()方法将该键的累加器对应的当前值与这个新的值进行合并
(3)mergeCombiners: 由于每个分区都是独立处理的, 因此对于同一个键可以有多个累加器。如果有两个或者更多的分区都有对应同一个键的累加器, 就需要使用用户提供的 mergeCombiners() 方法将各个分区的结果进行合并。
- 需求:创建一个pairRDD,根据key计算每种key的均值。(先计算每个key出现的次数以及可以对应值的总和,再相除得到结果)
- 需求分析:
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val input = sc.parallelize(Array(("a", 88), ("b", 95), ("a", 91), ("b", 93), ("a", 95), ("b", 98)),2)
input: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[52] at parallelize at <console>:26
(2)将相同key对应的值相加,同时记录该key出现的次数,放入一个二元组
scala> val combine = input.combineByKey((_,1),(acc:(Int,Int),v)=>(acc._1+v,acc._2+1),(acc1:(Int,Int),acc2:(Int,Int))=>(acc1._1+acc2._1,acc1._2+acc2._2))
combine: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, (Int, Int))] = ShuffledRDD[5] at combineByKey at <console>:28
(3)打印合并后的结果
scala> combine.collect
res5: Array[(String, (Int, Int))] = Array((b,(286,3)), (a,(274,3)))
(4)计算平均值
scala> val result = combine.map{case (key,value) => (key,value._1/value._2.toDouble)}
result: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Double)] = MapPartitionsRDD[54] at map at <console>:30
(5)打印结果
scala> result.collect()
res33: Array[(String, Double)] = Array((b,95.33333333333333), (a,91.33333333333333))
3.8 sortByKey([ascending], [numTasks]) 案例
1. 作用:在一个(K,V)的RDD上调用,K必须实现Ordered接口,返回一个按照key进行排序的(K,V)的RDD
2. 需求:创建一个pairRDD,按照key的正序和倒序进行排序
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array((3,"aa"),(6,"cc"),(2,"bb"),(1,"dd")))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[14] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)按照key的正序
scala> rdd.sortByKey(true).collect()
res9: Array[(Int, String)] = Array((1,dd), (2,bb), (3,aa), (6,cc))
(3)按照key的倒序
scala> rdd.sortByKey(false).collect()
res10: Array[(Int, String)] = Array((6,cc), (3,aa), (2,bb), (1,dd))
3.9 mapValues案例
1. 针对于(K,V)形式的类型只对V进行操作
2. 需求:创建一个pairRDD,并将value添加字符串"|||"
(1)创建一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd3 = sc.parallelize(Array((1,"a"),(1,"d"),(2,"b"),(3,"c")))
rdd3: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[67] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)对value添加字符串"|||"
scala> rdd3.mapValues(_+"|||").collect()
res26: Array[(Int, String)] = Array((1,a|||), (1,d|||), (2,b|||), (3,c|||))
3.10 join(otherDataset, [numTasks]) 案例
1. 作用:在类型为(K,V)和(K,W)的RDD上调用,返回一个相同key对应的所有元素对在一起的(K,(V,W))的RDD
2. 需求:创建两个pairRDD,并将key相同的数据聚合到一个元组。
(1)创建第一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array((1,"a"),(2,"b"),(3,"c")))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[32] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个pairRDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(Array((1,4),(2,5),(3,6)))
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[33] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)join操作并打印结果
scala> rdd.join(rdd1).collect()
res13: Array[(Int, (String, Int))] = Array((1,(a,4)), (2,(b,5)), (3,(c,6)))
3.11 cogroup(otherDataset, [numTasks]) 案例
1. 作用:在类型为(K,V)和(K,W)的RDD上调用,返回一个(K,(Iterable<V>,Iterable<W>))类型的RDD
2. 需求:创建两个pairRDD,并将key相同的数据聚合到一个迭代器。
(1)创建第一个pairRDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(Array((1,"a"),(2,"b"),(3,"c")))
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[37] at parallelize at <console>:24
(2)创建第二个pairRDD
scala> val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(Array((1,4),(2,5),(3,6)))
rdd1: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[38] at parallelize at <console>:24
(3)cogroup两个RDD并打印结果
scala> rdd.cogroup(rdd1).collect()
res14: Array[(Int, (Iterable[String], Iterable[Int]))] = Array((1,(CompactBuffer(a),CompactBuffer(4))), (2,(CompactBuffer(b),CompactBuffer(5))), (3,(CompactBuffer(c),CompactBuffer(6))))
4 案例实操
1. 数据结构:时间戳,省份,城市,用户,广告,中间字段使用空格分割。
样本如下:
1516609143867 6 7 64 16
1516609143869 9 4 75 18
1516609143869 1 7 87 12
2. 需求:统计出每一个省份广告被点击次数的TOP3
3. 实现过程:
package com.package.practice
import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}
//需求:统计出每一个省份广告被点击次数的TOP3
object Practice {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
//1.初始化spark配置信息并建立与spark的连接
val sparkConf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("Practice")
val sc = new SparkContext(sparkConf)
//2.读取数据生成RDD:TS,Province,City,User,AD
val line = sc.textFile("E:\\IDEAWorkSpace\\SparkTest\\src\\main\\resources\\agent.log")
//3.按照最小粒度聚合:((Province,AD),1)
val provinceAdToOne = line.map { x =>
val fields: Array[String] = x.split(" ")
((fields(1), fields(4)), 1)
}
//4.计算每个省中每个广告被点击的总数:((Province,AD),sum)
val provinceAdToSum = provinceAdToOne.reduceByKey(_ + _)
//5.将省份作为key,广告加点击数为value:(Province,(AD,sum))
val provinceToAdSum = provinceAdToSum.map(x => (x._1._1, (x._1._2, x._2)))
//6.将同一个省份的所有广告进行聚合(Province,List((AD1,sum1),(AD2,sum2)...))
val provinceGroup = provinceToAdSum.groupByKey()
//7.对同一个省份所有广告的集合进行排序并取前3条,排序规则为广告点击总数
val provinceAdTop3 = provinceGroup.mapValues { x =>
x.toList.sortWith((x, y) => x._2 > y._2).take(3)
}
//8.将数据拉取到Driver端并打印
provinceAdTop3.collect().foreach(println)
//9.关闭与spark的连接
sc.stop()
}
}